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Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

The Boston Red Sox advanced to the World Series, defeating the Houston Astros 4-1 Thursday in Game 5 of the American League Championship Series at Minute Maid Park in Houston.David Price, whose postseason struggles have long been a talking point, delivered a solid performance for the Red Sox. The veteran left-hander went six shutout innings, striking out nine Astros.J.D. Martinez finished 2-for-3, and his solo home run got Boston on the board in the third inning. Rafael Devers made it a 4-0 lead in the sixth with a three-run homer.The Price playoff narrative has been beaten into the ground so much that even casual baseball fans are probably aware of his October history.The five-time All-Star was a different pitcher Thursday night, and his changeup was a big reason.It's one thing for Price to pitch spectacularly on a given night; it's another for that success to come in part because of a change in approach. That's something tangible he can carry into his first start in the 2018 World Series.Expecting the veteran left-hander to be this effective in the Fall Classic might be unrealistic, but a better version of Price than his typical postseason self would make a big difference for the Red Sox in the next round.Nathan Eovaldi has never pitched in a World Series, and Rick Porcello's playoff starts with Boston have been a mixed bag. Most importantly, Chris Sale has a stomach illness that kept him out of starting Game 5.If the Red Sox can count on Price, they'll have one fewer question mark surrounding their starting rotation.Astros Primed to Contend Again in 2019Sometimes, baseball isn't fair.As great as the Astros played this year, history wasn't on their side. MLB will now go 18 years without a repeat World Series champion.The good news for Houston is that it has a good chance to return to the playoffs and make another title challenge in 2019.The Astros could see some experienced veterans depart in free agency. Marwin Gonzalez, Charlie Morton, Evan Gattis, Tony Sipp and Dallas Keuchel are all hitting the open market in the offseason.The Justin Verlander trade—the Astros absorbed  million from his contract—showed ownership is willing to make the financial commitment necessary to put together a championship-caliber roster. Houston may wind up losing one or more of its free agents, but it shouldn't be a mass exodus.The Astros' returning stars aren't due to decline in 2019, either. Jose Altuve and George Springer are the elder statesmen yet are only 28 and 29, respectively. Alex Bregman, who enjoyed a breakout in 2018, will turn 25 in March. Carlos Correa turned 24 last month.Regarding the rotation, Gerrit Cole averaged a career-high 12.4 strikeouts per nine innings and saw his FIP fall from 4.08 in 2017 to 2.70, per Baseball Reference. A free agent in 2020, Cole could well repeat that success next season.And the 35-year-old Verlander continues to defy the aging curve. Maybe he'll fall off in 2019, but it feels like that has been a possibility for the last three or four years.Luck is a factor in determining a team's fate. But strictly from a roster point of view, the pieces are there for the Astros to play in October next season.Red Sox Offense Looks Unstoppable Heading into World SeriesThe Astros surrendered eight combined runs in their first four playoff wins. The Red Sox scored 27 total runs as they reeled off four straight victories to clinch the AL pennant.This is the same Boston offense that ranked first in on-base percentage (.339), slugging percentage (.453) and weighted on-base average (.340).The Red Sox's collective strength is shining.When Mookie Betts and Andrew Benintendi combine to go 0-for-10, Ian Kinsler and Mitch Moreland and deliver two hits apiece. Both Kinsler and Moreland scored on Devers' homer.Likewise, one mistake thrown to Martinez is all it takes to see the ball sail over the fence. Verlander should've had a strikeout with a slider down and away. Instead, he had to throw another pitch and left a hang

The April 17 tax filing deadline is less than a month away, so if you haven't submitted your return, it's time to get moving.But that's no reason to rush through it.Whether you decide to go it alone or hire a tax preparer to help, make sure you avoid these costly mistakes.1. Making careless errorsBlame it on fat fingers, deadline pressure or plain carelessness, technical errors like the wrong Social Security number, name misspellings or a simple math error can cause problems and delays with your return.Tax software programs can flag errors like this, but every filer should still pay close close attention when reviewing their returns before sending them in, particularly pen-and-paper filers.2. Using the wrong filing statusThere are five filing options: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household and qualifying widow/widower with dependent child.Choosing the right status is important as it affects how much you pay in taxes. For instance, filing as head of household provides more benefits than married filing separately, explained Mark Steber, chief tax officer of Jackson Hewitt Tax Services.3. Forgetting to report incomeUncle Sam needs to know about all your sources of income last year: your salary, side-hustle cash, retirement withdrawals and gambling winnings. All of it.So don't leave anything out. If you get caught with unclaimed income, you could get hit with major penalties.4. Hiring a pro when you can DIYSome people have very complicated tax situations where an expert needs to be brought in. But many Americans have simple filings that might not require professional assistance, the experts said.If you have an adjusted gross income of ,000 or less, check if you can file your federal taxes for free using the IRS's Free File software options.5. Not taking all eligible deductionsDon't leave money on the table or pay more in taxes than you have to.Take the time to figure out which credits and deductions you're eligible for to reduce your tax liability and get as much back as possible. The IRS isn't going to tell you if you missed a valuable credit you could have claimed, said Steber.The Earned Income Tax Credit, for example, is commonly overlooked, with about one in five eligible taxpayers missing out on it, according to H&R Block. It's a sizeable credit with an average amount of more than ,400.6. Being disorganizedTax forms tend start rolling in at the start of the year that detail your sources of income.Some forms will come in the mail, while others can be retrieved electronically. Just be sure to collect them all before you file.Lisa Greene-Lewis, a CPA and tax expert from Turbo Tax, suggested keeping a folder by your mail so you can instantly drop the paperwork in and keep everything in one place.It's also helpful to keep an updated log throughout the year for things like mileage and charitable donations that you plan to claim on your return.7. ProcrastinatingTax season comes every year, there's no escaping it.While the actual deadline may vary (read why here), you know you have to send in your taxes every April. Yet many Americans scramble to get their returns in.By waiting until the last minute, you increase your risk of mistakes.8. Not filing a returnNot everyone has to file a tax return. But even if you don't have any tax liability, it could be in your best interest to file anyway.The IRS will only issue refunds to filers. So if you had too much federal taxes withheld from your paycheck or are eligible for other credits, you have to file a return to get the money.Earlier this month, the IRS said it had .1 billion in unclaimed federal income tax refunds for around 1 million people who didn't file a tax return in 2014.  3747

Starting a business can be hard - it takes a lot more than renting an office and printing business cards.But a new group is launching in San Diego to help women take control of their careers.Dames Collective promises to connect female entrepreneurs to key resources and help them network, so they can launch their own businesses."We don't want to just stand by the sideline and watch women trying to start their own business. We want to help them thrive," said Chanel Sonego, who founded the group with Brittney Hogan.San Diego Attorney Kelly DuFord says her life was a lot different when she had a boss."I was working at least 80 hours a week, and I would bring my work home with me," she said. She says she was missing out on valuable time with her young daughters, so she and her husband Craig launched their own law firm. DuFord still works a lot, but on her own terms - she says she takes time off on Monday mornings and some Wednesdays, but works Saturday nights. DuFord, who does employment law and business formation, says she makes more now than she did when she had a boss."You might be doing something that you don't even know you can make a business out of, but if you are passionate about it and you can do a common thing uncommonly well, you can start your own business," she said. Memberships at Dames Collective are a month, but Sonego says the group is working on lower cost options for students. The city of San Diego also has guidelines for starting a business, including 10 key steps entrepreneurs need to make.   1605

Target announced Tuesday that it is raising its starting pay to an hour beginning July 5, fulfilling a promise it made three years ago to pay all employees at least an hour.In 2017, Target announced it planned to increase starting pay for employees from to an hour by 2020. Since then, the store has gradually increased its starting pay each year. In 2019, Target increased starting pay from an hour to an hour.“Everything we aspire to do and be as a company builds on the central role our team members play in our strategy, their dedication to our purpose and the connection they create with our guests and communities,” Brian Cornell, Target's Chairman and CEO, said in a statement.Target also announced that it would be giving a 0 bonus to all essential workers "for their efforts throughout the coronavirus pandemic."In addition, Target said that it was offering employees free access to telehealth services through the end of the year, even for employees who don't get insurance through the company. 1039

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