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HAMPTON, Va. – Slavery in the United States began in Hampton Roads at Fort Monroe in Virginia, once known as Point Comfort, where the first enslaved Africans arrived in 1619.Psychiatrists say the horrors slaves endured in America – severe physical and mental abuse – has a psychological impact on their descendants 401 years later.“Fearfulness, I think, is what's passed on, in addition to the trauma,” said nationally renowned psychiatrist Dr. Dion Metzger. “That fear gets instilled into children because parents are trying to protect their children.”A study in Brain Sciences suggests trauma can be passed down through generations. Their research found “an accumulating amount of evidence of an enduring effect of trauma exposure to be passed to offspring transgenerationally via the epigenetic inheritance mechanism of DNA methylation alterations and has the capacity to change the expression of genes and the metabolome.”Dr. Metzger said it is possible that Black people are experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder from what their ancestors endured.“Just because we didn't experience it, us learning about the history or even from family stories, it's the same thing,” she said.Metzger said the outcry in peaceful protests across the country can be therapeutic.“It's not going to be a quick fix, but us telling our stories is one big part of [healing],” said Dr. Metzger, who also encouraged therapy.“A lot of people think in order for you to suffer from PTSD, you have to be a victim,” said Dr. Metzger. “You can still have the same traumatic impact just from watching the video [of George Floyd’s death] and sometimes even greater if you identify with the person. So if you identify with the race of the person, you identify with their gender, you're more likely to have a trauma traumatic impact. So I always remind people that even if you were not there, but you’re watching that video, we're still counting that as a trauma. You watched a person die on camera, so we have to realize that that's traumatic.”This story was originally published by Jessica Larche at WTKR. 2090

Heather Hyland, a self-proclaimed bug nerd, has found a love for mosquitos despite the diseases they carry.“I have loved bugs I would say since I was about 2 years old,” Hyland said.Initially a public information officer for the Orange County Mosquito and Vector Control District in Southern California, she said her bug fascination was because so many people don't like them. So, as a child, Hyland thought, someone should love them. That love turned into entomology.“They’re so interesting. They’re these intricate little tiny bugs with the capability to do big things. If you look at how prehistoric a mosquito is, it has six mouth parts. There’s so many different things they can do that are big,” Hyland said.Mosquitos can transmit disease, sense heat, even smell carbon dioxide coming out of human bodies. In Orange County, vector control employees normally see an average of 24 mosquitos in a trap. Now, they're seeing 118."We do look at the region - Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego - have already had positive West Nile mosquitos in their traps,” she said. “Our district lines are invisible. There’s no line (to) say ‘no mosquitos or birds with West Nile, don’t come this way.’”It's only a matter of time before those county and state lines are blurred. Mosquitos don't see barriers. And then, there's the coronavirus factor.“People are staying home due to COVID regulations so people are gardening, more projects, more plants, watering more,” Hyland said. “Those lead to cryptic sources so you’ll have little tiny pockets around your yard with standing water.”Some aren't maintaining pools due to financial reasons. And pools are a large breeding ground. In Lee County, Florida, inspectors are shown on social media checking storm drains which are big breeding sources.They're also fighting the bug battle from above, posting their helicopter images on social media, documenting the effort to go after "salt marsh" mosquitoes. 1945

Growing mental health issues among college students were already a concern. Now, schools are preparing for what comes next in the fall, because of both the pandemic and also the renewed attention on racism in our country.About 24% of college students were diagnosed with or treated for anxiety problems last year, according to a study by the American College Health Association. That's up from about 10% a decade earlier. It's a similar trend among the number of students diagnosed with or treated for depression.“We're expecting those statistics to really skyrocket in terms of students just feeling a lot of fear, a lot of uncertainty, a lot of anxiety, a lot of despair with what has been going on and what things look like perhaps for them,” said Dr. Joy Himmel, an American College Health Association fellow.Himmel is a member of the COVID-19 task force for the American College Health Association. She says schools have already shifted to doing more remote telehealth sessions for mental health. But it has been a challenge in some places because of licensing across state lines.A lot of states have done waivers to allow this. Himmel is concerned about when states of emergency are lifted, and these waivers won't be there anymore. She says it will also be important to focus particularly on freshmen.“One of the things that I think builds camaraderie, builds enthusiasm and energy for students is that bonding with fellow students,” said Himmel. “We're very social in terms of our humanness and we need each other and so it's very important to really look at physical distancing, not social distancing and create social caveats for students to connect.”Counseling staff at Howard University tell the Wall Street Journal they're planning an online program for first year students to address this issue of a freshman year without the typical experiences.Counseling staff members at Tulsa Community College say they're doing trauma training now to be prepared to help students.At Pace University, they've been doing online mental wellness workshops for students. 2075

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — As we get closer to a potential COVID-19 vaccine approval in the U.S., doctors are hoping the public actually gets the vaccine once it’s available.Recent polling from Pew Research shows about 60% of Americans say they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ get a COVID-19 vaccine.Local infectious disease doctors tell WXMI that that number will be just enough to put a serious dent in infections, but the more immunity, the better.Dr. Andrew Jameson, the Division Chief for Infectious Disease at Mercy Health said, “I am optimistic for the first time in a while.”Dr. Jameson added that he’s seeing a bit of light at the end of a very long tunnel with a COVID vaccine approval potentially just days away.“I can tell you right now from what I’ve seen, from an efficacy standpoint, from a safety standpoint, I am going to be definitely getting the vaccine personally and I have zero issues of giving my family the vaccine when it’s available,” Dr. Jameson said.With two COVID-19 vaccines on deck for approval with the FDA, one from Pfizer and one from Moderna, Dr. Jameson is hoping that people feel confident in getting it once they’re able.“If we get about 60% of people immunized and then we also have the natural immunity out there giving us a little bit of extra help, I think that is going to be a huge impact,” Dr. Jameson said.Dr. Jameson said he also understands that people may be wary of such a new vaccine.“Unfortunately, we’ve had a fair amount of skepticism in the community about vaccines before all of this, and now in the setting of this being moved forward pretty quickly, I think there’s probably a little bit of a natural skepticism,” he said.He said the biggest reason he’s heard for not wanting the vaccine is that things are just moving too fast.“Before this, the fastest that we ever had a vaccine get from the beginning to the end to where people were getting it, was four years, and this one is going to be about 10 months,” Dr. Jameson said.Dr. Jameson called the trial and manufacturing process of both companies vaccines, ‘the most transparent’ he’s ever seen and trusts the FDA to leave no stone unturned before approval.“They get all the notes from the doctors, they get all the patient encounter visits from the sites that are doing the vaccine, so they actually get all of the raw data and re-interpret it and re-analyze it themselves for efficacy, so they don’t just believe what the drug manufacturers tell them,” he explained.He wants people to also understand potential vaccine side effects, to make sure they come back for their second dose. Both Moderna and Pfizer vaccines require two doses given several weeks apart to reach full effectiveness.“If I know that my arm is going to hurt, and I might have a headache, and I might feel run-down for a day or two, if I know that, it’s very different than if that’s a surprise to me,” he said.The FDA is scheduled to meet on Thursday to review the Pfizer vaccine and then again on Dec. 17 to look over Moderna’s vaccine.This story was first reported by Annie Szatkowski at WXMI in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 3109

GameStop announced this week that an additional 400 to 450 locations would close across the country by the end of 2020.While more video games are available for digital downloads, the next generation PS5 and Xbox will contain disc drives. The company was concerned that the next generation models would be digital only.Already in the last year, GameStop has closed 388 locations, shrinking its current retail footprint to 5,192 locations.“This will allow us to more efficiently and profitably service our customers,” company CEO George Sherman said about the closures.While many retailers have been shrinking their footprints as customers change their buying habits, GameStop is also encountering a change in technology in recent years, which has allowed customers to purchase games online.But GameStop says that there are some customers who prefer a physical disc, and that large video game downloads can use up internet data.“We believe the actions we are taking to optimize the core operations of our business by increasing efficiencies and creating a frictionless digital ecosystem to serve our customers, wherever and whenever they choose to shop, are enabling us to navigate the COVID-19 environment while positioning us well for the launch of the next generation of consoles,” Sherman said.GameStop saw a 26.7% drop in Quarter 2 sales in 2020 compared to 2019. 1374