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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The FBI’s Violent Task Crimes Force asked for the public’s help Monday to find a man known as the “Burgundy Bandit” and wanted for nine robberies in San Diego, La Mesa, and El Cajon.In each robbery, the man entered the business and approached an employee, flashing a gun hidden in his waistband, the FBI said in a news release.The man demanded money and walked away. On several occasions, the man cased the business five minutes before the hold-up, officials said.Robbery locations include:June 27: Fred Loya Insurance, El Cajon 555

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The family of a man reported missing from a Spring Valley care facility two weeks ago told 10News Friday he was found safe in North Park.Aldofo Otanez, who has schizophrenia, lived at Mi Casa es Su Casa. His family said he was planning to visit his brother on February 16 but never arrived.Otanez’ brother said the family passed out flyers and posted pictures on social media.RELATED: Schizophrenic man still missing after two weeksOn Friday, a 10News viewer called the family to say Otanez had been sleeping on the sidewalk on El Cajon Blvd. in North Park.People at Dave’s Flower Box had given him a bottle of water, money to buy coffee, and a burrito.The family says he was hungry but is doing well. 738

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The census count impacts everyone living in the United States, from determining how much federal money cities and counties receive to how many representatives states get in Congress. Everyone living in the country regardless of age, race, and citizenship status is asked to fill the survey out. But San Diego and Imperial Counties are notoriously difficult to get an accurate count, the second most challenging region in the entire country. For the 2020 census, over 100 community organizations and civic groups in San Diego are working together to reach "hard to count" populations.“Some of the ethnic groups are the ones that are hard to count, such as the African Americans, the Hispanic, Asian Pacific Islanders, as well as immigrant and refugee populations are really hard to count," said Nancy Sasaki, President & CEO of United Way of San Diego County.United Way of San Diego County is leading the Count Me 2020 campaign. Sasaki went on to say veterans, homeless people, and children are often left out too. The county was awarded two major contracts, totaling .22 million, to coordinate Census 2020 outreach for hard to count populations in San Diego and Imperial Counties.The Supreme Court will rule whether the controversial citizenship question will be added to the census, a decision is expected by June. 1349

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The man suspected of opening fire on U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents at the border Monday has been named.San Diego Police say 23-year-old Travis James Eckstein, a U.S. citizen, was shot and killed during a shootout with CBP officers Monday at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. Eckstein was driving from Mexico into the U.S. and refused to stop for officers. Officers say Eckstein tried to drive through an inspection area, before a vehicle blocked his exit.He then began to fire on officers before he exited his vehicle continued shooting. Officers returned fire and struck Eckstein.RELATED: Suspected gunman killed in shootout at San Ysidro Port of Entry identified as US citizen10News spoke exclusively with a man who witnessed and recorded the gun battle on his cell phone. He said he was driving back home to Chula Vista from Mexico on Monday evening. Moments after he cleared customs, he said he saw a white truck blaze past him. He immediately saw CBP agents throw out spike strips on the ground and the driver of the truck crash into another vehicle. Seconds after two separate shootouts, our viewer saw agents dragging Eckstein onto the sidewalk. Meanwhile, other officers were pointing their guns at the bullet-ridden truck, addressing the passengers. Two male Chinese nationals, ages 18 and 27, were found in the rear of Eckstein's truck and were interviewed and released to CBP officials.First responders attempted life-saving measures on Eckstein, but he did not survive his injuries.Seven CBP officers were involved in the shooting but, miraculously, none were injured.“The CBP officers risked their own lives to protect the public from this gunman,” Pete Flores, Director of Field Operations, said in a release. “Human smuggling is always dangerous. This unfortunate incident demonstrates the total disregard smuggling organizations have for what they consider to be cargo.”RELATED: Man killed in shootout with CBP officers at Port of EntryA motive for the shooting was still under investigation Wednesday.10News found a Facebook post written by Eckstein's mother, Donna Kniss. A portion of the post talks about her son's recent medical condition. “We are all All Shocked, Devastated & Heartbroken! Travis has struggled for many Years with depression and was recently diagnosed as bipolar. He also had many concussions, his Brain didn’t Think like a Normal Person.”Kniss concluded the post with sorrow.“We weren’t okay with the choices Travis had made. We refused to enable and fuel his bad behavior, but he is still my son, allow us to grieve.” The post has since been deleted from Facebook.Anyone with information on the shooting is urged to contact the SDPD Homicide Unit at 619-531-2293 or Crime Stoppers at 888-580-8477. 2777