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-- and its wider implications for human mental health treatment -- was found in their poop, per new findings published in Behavioural Brain Research.Rats are better drivers when they're mentally stimulatedKelly Lambert, study author and head of the University of Richmond's Lambert Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, trained two groups of young rats: One bunch raised in an "enriched environment" with toys, ladders, balls and pieces of wood designed to spark mental stimulation, and another reared in a standard, unexciting lab cage.The rats learned to enter a custom "rat-operated vehicle," or ROV, adorably constructed from a one-gallon plastic container turned on its side.Once inside, the rat racers would stand on an aluminum plate and press on a copper bar that would trigger the wheels' motor. They'd hold down on the bar until they propelled their tiny car to the end of their enclosure, where they collected their reward: Froot Loops.When it came time to drive, the rats who played with ladders, balls and toys were more adept at operating and steering the ROV, thanks to the neuroplasticity (their brains' ability to change over time) triggered by their environment. Their unstimulated cage counterparts effectively "failed their driving test," Lambert said.Hormones found in their feces showed improved emotional resilienceIn sifting through their fecal matter, Lambert found both groups of rats trained to drive secreted higher levels of corticosterone and DHEA, hormones that control stress responses.Corticosterone is a hormone animals could secrete in high-stakes scenarios like running from a wild animal or defending themselves from predators, but it can also be expressed in lower-risk tasks like doing taxes or worrying about a loved one (though rats likely aren't advanced enough to form a government, let alone impose taxes on fellow rats).DHEA acts as a sort of "buffer," Lambert said, when corticosterone becomes toxic -- that is, when it can't be turned off in a reasonable amount of time, creating prolonged stress.It's evidence that mastering a complex task, like driving a car, bolstered the rats' emotional resilience."It is likely that driving gives the rats a sense of control over their environment," she said. "In humans, we would say that it enhances a sense of agency or self-efficacy."What have rats got to do with human health?The brains of humans and rats share nearly all of the same areas and neurochemicals -- they're just smaller in rodents. And though humans are certainly more complex than rats, Lambert said there are "universal truths" in how both species' brains interact within their environment to maintain optimal mental health.So these results have implications for human health, too (and no, they don't mean rats will drive alongside people in tiny lanes on highways). Emotional resilience is one of the first lines of defense against mental illnesses like depression, she said, and learning what behaviors build that up could clue physicians in on how to treat those illnesses in humans.It's a concept Lambert refers to as "behaviorceuticals," activities that release hormones that can ward off prolonged stress brought on by corticosterone."Anything that reduces stress can build resilience against the onset of mental illness," she said.The activity can be something as simple as knitting, or in rats' case, learning to drive a car. Just engaging hands, paws and brains of varying sizes can enhance a participant's sense of control. 3489
according to the Hamilton County prosecutor.Hamilton County Prosecutor Joe Deters announced the indictment for Rev. Geoffrey D. Drew during a Monday afternoon press conference.The incidents occurred between 1988 and 1991 when Drew was employed as a music minister at St. Jude School in Green Township, Deters said. He was not a priest at the time; he was ordained in 2004.A Hamilton County Grand Jury handed down the indictment Monday. If convicted, Drew faces life in prison, Deters said.</div>A 41-year-old man testified before a grand jury last week after the meetings at St. Ignatius of Loyola were publicized, Deters said. The man said he was 10 and 11 years old and was an altar boy when the incidents occurred, Deters said."It was very emotional," Deters said. "It was emotional for him. It was emotional for the grand jury. It was a very emotional piece of testimony. And he deserves a lot of credit for coming forward, as difficult as it is. He could've just said, 'I'm moving on with my life,' but he wanted to stop this behavior. And he's going to." 1068

for their roles in a conspiracy to bring large amounts of heroin, fentanyl, cocaine, crack cocaine and marijuana from California to the Cleveland area to sell.Teams of law enforcement officers hit the streets early Tuesday morning across Northeast Ohio.According to the indictment, the drugs were sent to Ohio from California via domestic shipping."At a time when a record number of our neighbors were dying from drug overdoses, this organization allegedly brought in large amounts of fentanyl, heroin and cocaine from California and sold it all over Northeast Ohio," U.S. Attorney Justin Herdman said. "Some members of the conspiracy used rifles and other firearms to protect their products while others laundered tens of thousands of dollars in drug money.""Illegal drug activity brings danger to our communities — it will not be tolerated," said FBI Special Agent in Charge Eric B. Smith. "Collaborative law enforcement efforts will continue to identify and disrupt drug trafficking organizations bringing violence to our streets."The case was investigated by the Northern Ohio Law Enforcement Task Force (NOLETF) and SouthEast Area Law Enforcement Narcotics Task Force, a collaboration of suburban northeast Ohio police departments.The NOLETF is a long-standing multi-agency task force comprised of investigators from the FBI, DEA, IRS , U.S. Coast Guard Investigative Service, and a dozen law enforcement agencies in northeast Ohio. The NOLETF is also one of the initial Ohio High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) initiatives. HIDTA supports and helps coordinate numerous Ohio drug task forces in their efforts to eliminate or reduce drug trafficking in Ohio.Named in the 30-count indictment are: Brandon Fletcher, 35, of Warrensville Heights Edgar Arturo Sanchez, 27, of Paramount, CaliforniaStephon Carter, 34, of ClevelandDonnie Palmer, 34, of Cleveland Heights, OhioKevin Philmon, 37, of ClevelandWayne Nix, 27, of Warrensville Heights, OhioRobert Hawes, 46, of Bedford, OhioAntonn Melton, 37, of Maple Heights, OhioKevin Williams, 34, of Euclid, OhioRobert Pollard, 29, of Lithonia, GeorgiaFreddie Murphy, 33, of ClevelandEric Armstrong, 58, of South Euclid, OhioJamillMcDonald, 37, of Cleveland Heights, OhioSteven Bouyer, 52, of ClevelandDarcell Jackson, 32, of Euclid, OhioLonnie Jordan, 29, of Maple Heights, OhioDeWitt Chisholm, 38, of Warrensville Heights, OhioThis story was originally published by Tracy Carloss on 2443
— an easy way to dig up dirt on friends or foes.Dropping the "Following" tab isn't the only major platform change that Instagram is considering. Instagram tested 163
against a school district alleging they failed to address bullying, racism and her son’s special needs.Rebecca Ligler’s son Elijah, a 16-year-old sophomore at Noblesville High School, was involved in a fight with another student on Sept. 25.The altercation was captured on cellphone video and posted on social media.As a result of the fight, Elijah was expelled and can’t return to the district until July 31, 2020, records show.The video was used as evidence in Elijah’s expulsion. 484
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