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Beijing, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- A sperm donation scandal disclosed recently has aroused growing concern in the United States.According to the New York Times' report, Ryan Kramer, the son of a donor, found that he has more than 150 half-siblings - they are all the children of the same donor."It's wild when we see them all together - they all look alike," said Cynthia Daily, mother of Kramer.As more women choose to have children on their own, the demand for sperm donors has surged.Some sperm banks are earning huge profits by allowing too many mothers to receive sperms from the same popular donors, according to the report.And this trend will lead to risks: rare genetic diseases could be spread more widely, and the children of the same donor could meet and, unbeknownst to them, commit incest, medical experts warned.Parents and donors are calling for a tighter regulation so that donor children can know more about their donors, and the number of kids from each donor can be limited.

LOS ANGELES, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Salmonella, not E. coli, poses the greatest health threat to Americans, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced on Tuesday.Salmonella infections have risen 10 percent over the past 15 years, while several types of foodborne illness have been falling, the agency said in a report.Infections from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 (the strain of most concern in the United States) have dropped almost in half and the rates of six other foodborne infections have been cut 23 percent, the CDC said.The agency issued the report as a deadly new strain of E.coli is spreading in several European countries."There are about 50 million people each year who become sick from food in the U.S.. That's about one in six Americans," CDC director Dr. Thomas R. Frieden said.The CDC attributed the reduction in infections from E. coli O157 to better detection and investigation of outbreaks, cleaner slaughterhouse methods, better testing of ground beef for E. coli, improved inspections of ground beef processing plants, regulations prohibiting E. coli O157 in ground beef and increased awareness of the importance of properly cooking beef.Other foodborne illnesses that fell in incidence over the same time period include those caused by the campylobacter, listeria, vibrio and yersinia pathogens.To reduce their risk of foodborne illness, people should assume that raw chicken and other meat have bacteria that can make you sick, the CDC said.In the kitchen, raw meats should not allow to contaminate counter tops or cutting boards and should be kept away from other foods, such as fruits and vegetables, the CDC advised.The agency also called on people to thoroughly cook meat, poultry, eggs and shellfish, while refraining from consuming unpasteurized milk, juice or soft cheese.

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- The critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Mekong River numbers just 85, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) new research revealed on Wednesday.Calf survival was found to be very low, leading researchers to conclude that the small population is declining and at high risk of extinction, said the Fund's statement sent to Xinhua News Agency on Wednesday.According to Li Lifeng, Director of WWF's Freshwater Program, the research is based on photographic identification of dolphins through individually unique features of their dorsal fins. "Most of the dolphins can be identified, and we use that information to estimate the population size," he said.Although this population estimate is slightly higher than the previous estimate, the researchers were quick to note that the population had not increased over the last few years."With a larger dataset and recent analytical advances, previously unidentifiable dolphins which had few marks on their dorsal fins have been included," he added.However, surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 show the population slowly declining."Evidence is strong that very few young animals survive to adulthood, as older dolphins die off and are not replaced," he explained."Pressures of gill net entanglement and high calf mortality we are really worried for the future of dolphins," Li said.However, Touch Seang Tana, chairman of Cambodia's Commission for Conversation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco- tourism Zone, rejected the WWF's finding, saying that last year, 4 dolphins were killed by fishing nets, but up to 7 newborn dolphin babies were found.He estimated that the total population of Mekong dolphins in the north-eastern provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng is between 155 and 177 now, up from just 100 in 2006.The Mekong River Irrawaddy dolphin has been listed as critically endangered on the World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species since 2004.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- Exposure to secondhand smoke ( SHS) is associated with increased risk of hearing loss among adolescents, according to a report in the July issue of Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery.Among U.S. children, approximately 60 percent are exposed to SHS, according to background information in the article. Studies have associated exposure to secondhand smoke prenatally or during childhood with various health conditions, from low birth weight and respiratory infections to behavioral problems and otitis media. Children exposed to SHS are more likely to develop recurrent otitis media, the authors note. "Secondhand smoke may also have the potential to have an impact on auditory development, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)," they add.Anil Lalwani and colleagues from New York University Langone Medical Center examined the risk factors for SNHL, including SHS, among adolescents, stratified by demographic groups. They included 1,533 individuals from 12 years to 19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006.Participants were interviewed about their health status and family medical history, exposure to SHS, and self-recognition of hearing impairment. In addition, they underwent a physical examination, including blood testing for cotinine (a by-product of nicotine exposure), and hearing tests.Compared with teens who had no SHS exposure, those who were exposed to secondhand smoke exhibited higher rates of low- and high-frequency hearing loss. The rate of hearing loss appeared to be cumulative, increasing with the level of cotinine detected by blood tests. The results also demonstrated that more than 80 percent of participants with hearing loss did not realize they had impairment.As hearing loss early in life can cause problems with development and functioning, the authors suggest that these results have "significant implications for public health in the United States."They note that most adolescents do not receive screening for hearing loss in the absence of risk factors.If further studies replicate these results, they state, SHS could be considered one such risk factor.

WELLINGTON, July 26 (Xinhua) -- Children born early are less likely to develop serious behavioral problems than previously thought because previous studies may have relied too much on the opinions of "sensitive" parents, according to a controversial New Zealand research.The study by the Child Development Research Group at the University of Canterbury looked at the emotional and behavioral adjustment of children born very preterm (VPT).It showed that by age 6 children born very preterm (less than 33 weeks) were at an increased risk of emotional and attentional problems when compared with their full term peers, said a statement from the university.However, the findings suggested the risks may be lower than previous studies had suggested, because previous studies primarily relied on parents to provide information on their children's conditions, said lead author Samudragupta Bora."While parents are an important source of information about their child, it is also important to gather information from other significant people in the child's life such as their classroom teacher," said Bora.Bora and other members of the research team, found that parents reported higher rates of emotional and attention problems in their children than teachers did."Having a baby born prematurely is an extremely stressful experience for parents. During their baby's stay in the neonatal unit most parents will have been alerted to the possibility of their child developing problems such as behavioral difficulties in the future due to being born too early. Therefore, very understandably, many parents of these children are very sensitive to the possibility of developmental problems," he said."The use of multiple informants - parents, teachers and clinical observation - to assess VPT children's well-being is important to minimize the effects of report source bias and the over or under-identification of adjustment problems in children born VPT," said Bora."This is controversial because it shows that reliance on parents or teachers alone can lead to data validity issues."Although children born VPT were at higher risk of showing emotional and attentional problems, the risks of more severe problems were relatively modest, said Bora.The findings have been published the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.

来源：资阳报