喀什阴茎勃起又软了(喀什有多少种包皮手术) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- An enzyme that appears to play a role in controlling the brain's response to nicotine and alcohol in mice might be a promising target for a drug that simultaneously would treat nicotine addiction and alcohol abuse in people, U.S. researchers find.Over the course of four weeks, mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon consumed less of a nicotine-containing water solution than normal mice, and were less likely to return to a chamber in which they had been given nicotine. In contrast, normal mice steadily increased their consumption of nicotine solution while the mice lacking PKC epsilon did not.The study conducted by researchers at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, appeared Monday in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.In normal mice, as in humans, nicotine binds to a certain class of nicotinic receptors located on dopamine neurons, which causes dopamine to be released in the brain. Dopamine creates a feeling of enjoyment, and thus prompts a sense of reward. Researchers found that mice lacking PKC epsilon are deficient in these nicotinic receptors.The finding complements earlier research in which researchers found that mice genetically engineered to lack the PKC epsilon enzyme drank less alcohol than normal mice and were disinclined to return to a chamber in which they had been given alcohol."This could mean that these mice might not get the same sense of reward from nicotine or alcohol," said Gallo senior associate director and investigator Robert Messing. "The enzyme looks like it regulates the part of the reward system that involves these nicotinic receptors."The reward system is a complex of areas in the brain that affect craving for nicotine, alcohol and other addictive substances.The next step in the research, said Messing, would be to develop compounds that inhibit PKC epsilon. The ultimate goal, he added, would be medications that could be used "to take the edge off of addiction by helping people get over some of their reward craving."

TAMPA, the United States, June 18 (Xinhua) -- The HIV/AIDS patients in the U.S. state of Florida are in dispute with state authorities over a proposal to impose tighter restrictions on those who qualify for drugs provided by the state's AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP).According to the proposed restrictions, individuals would have to earn less than 21,000 U.S. dollars annually to qualify for ADAP drugs. If approved by the Florida Department of Health (FDH), this would affect approximately 1,150 HIV/AIDS patients."The FDH is currently looking at the number of cost containment activities, including altering the financial eligibility for ADAP services," said FDH's press secretary Jessica Hammonds. "After soliciting public input on this matter, the department is in the final stages of evaluating the matter."The Florida ADAP program serves almost 9,500 clients, each of whom receiving 8,600 dollars in funding annually, Hammonds said. There are still another 3,482 on a waiting list.Four FDH sponsored public hearings were held in April and May on the proposal to reduce HIV/AIDS funding. Two were held in Miami, one in Tampa, and the other one was held in the state capital city of Tallahassee. Over 1,000 people attended the hearings.The issue has become so ubiquitous that it caught the attention of the Elton John AIDS Foundation (EJAF), created by the popular entertainer of the same name.

BEIJING, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Google lacked evidence to support its accusations that Chinese hackers are behind the alleged cyber attacks on hundreds of its email accounts and the timing to make such accusations is evil-intentioned, Chinese experts said on Friday."Google's accusation is neither serious nor credible as it has not published any evidence that shows the hackers are from China," said Dai Yiqi, a cyber security expert with Tsinghua University.Eric Grosse, engineering director of Google's Security Team wrote on the company blog Wednesday that unidentified hacker attacks likely originated from the eastern Chinese city of Jinan, tried to collect user passwords of the Gmail accounts of hundreds of users, including senior U.S. government officials, Chinese "human rights activists" and journalists.A report released in 2009 by the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, an organization created by the U.S. Congress, claimed that Jinan is the home of a Chinese military reconnaissance office.An anonymous cyber security expert believes, despite Google not referring to the Chinese government in the latest attack claim, the company is targeting the Chinese government by listing the victims of the attacks as those whom only the Chinese government are interested in."Both their intentions and the timing of the accusation are dubious," Dai said.Google's accusation followed on the heel of the reported Pentagon's first formal cyber strategy. The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that the Pentagon concluded that computer sabotage coming from another country can count as an act of war and the United States may respond by using traditional military force.Li Shuisheng, a research fellow with a top military science academy of the People's Liberation Army, believes there are political motives behind Google's accusation.Google may well have attempted to instigate a new round of the cyber row between China and the United States, Li said.Wednesday's accusation by Google came more than a year after the company allegedly uncovered a cyber attack on its systems that it said it traced to China.In January, 2010, Google said it had been attacked by hackers supported by the Chinese government, and later announced to withdraw from Chinese mainland. The row ended up with Google redirecting Chinese mainland users to a site in Hong Kong.In such cyber attacks, it is easy to locate the IP address of hackers but hard to tell where the hackers actually are, said Dai."Hackers usually launch attacks by camouflaging their own IP addresses or controlling computers of others. Therefore, we can hardly tell the location of the hacker unless we have sufficient evidence," he said.China is one of the leading targets of cyber attacks. It has the world's largest number of computers infected with bot, a type of malware which allows a cyber attacker to gain control over the affected computer.About 13 percent of the world's computers infected with bot are in China."Without cooperation between governments, absolute security cannot be guaranteed in cyber community," said Li , adding only cooperation can ensure safe information exchange.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- Amazon on Wednesday launched Kindle Cloud Reader, a web-based app that may help the on-line retailer to sidestep Apple's App Store restrictions.In its announcement, Amazon said Kindle Could Reader uses the HTML5 web standard to let users read e-books from their Kindle library from the Safari browser or Google's Chrome browser on their desktops or tablet, including the iPad.Support for Internet Explorer, Firefox and the Blackberry Playbook will be launched later this year.The app has a button linked to the Kindle Store, which was removed recently from the Kindle apps for iPad and iPhone.The move is taken as an answer to Apple's latest App Store restrictions, which banned developers to have any external links for purchasing digital books or subscriptions in the app, unless they give Apple a 30 percent cut from the in-app sales.Besides Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Google Books and Canadian e- book seller Kobo have also altered their iPad and iPhone apps to comply with the rules.Meanwhile, publishers and retailers have been developing web- based HTML5 apps to sidestep Apple for more control, which is an approved-of technology for iOS devices.The Financial Times, Kobo and video-on-demand service Vudu have recently launched their HTML5 app to avoid paying Apple a 30 percent cut.Industry watchers said it is unknown how Apple will deal with such apps. It would be easy for Apple to disable Web apps in the iPad's Safari browser, but the company would certainly face some backlash, said tech media website CNET.

BEIJING, Aug. 23 (Xinhuanet) -- More than 90 percent of U.S. heart attack patients who need the lifesaving procedure receive it within just 90 minutes of being admitted to the hospital, according to a study released Monday in the journal Circulation.The study on the American Heart Association's journal shows that in 2010, 91 percent of heart attack patients who needed angioplasty were treated within the 90-minute window. While in 2005, 44% were.Researchers analyzed data on more than 300,000 such patients who underwent emergency angioplasty between January of 2005 and October of 2010.The improvement is the result of a nationwide effort between federal agencies, health care organizations and health care providers to improve heart attack care and outcome, said study author Dr. Harlan M. Krumholz, a professor of medicine and epidemiology and public health at Yale University School of Medicine, according to U.S. News reports.

来源：资阳报