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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Independent reviews by the FDA show the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have similar levels of safety and efficacy, although there are early indications of potential differences.Both vaccines rely on the same basic approach: jumpstarting the immune system with messenger RNA. The FDA confirmed their overall efficacy is essentially identical; 95 percent for Pfizer and 94.1 percent for Moderna.However, signals in the data suggest Moderna’s vaccine may better protect against severe cases of COVID-19, while Pfizer’s vaccine may work better in adults over 65. But experts warned those differences may just be statistical illusions.In Moderna’s study of 30,000 volunteers, 30 people got severe cases of COVID-19. All 30 of those cases were in the placebo group, suggesting the vaccine offers powerful protection against the most serious symptoms.In Pfizer’s trial of 44,000 volunteers, one vaccinated person got a severe case compared to 10 people in the placebo group.“We still need more data,” said Dr. Abisola Olulade of Sharp Rees-Stealy. “It's not a reason to recommend one versus the other.”In adults over 65, the efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine dipped slightly to 86.4 percent. Pfizer’s vaccine was 92.9 percent effective in people aged 65 to 74 and 100 percent effective in individuals 75 and up.“When I think people in the community look at that number, they might say, ‘Oh, that Moderna vaccine probably isn't as good for the older population compared to the Pfizer vaccine.’ But as a clinician looking at numbers, they're both amazing,” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.FDA scientists found both vaccines are safe but short-term side effects are common, especially with Moderna’s drug. Both vaccines are administered in two doses. The table below lists the percentage of vaccinated volunteers who reported a side effect after either dose, although side effects were most common after the second injection.Side effect Moderna PfizerFatigue 68.5% 62.9%Headache 63.0% 55.1%Muscle pain59.6%38.3%Joint pain44.8%23.6%Chills43.4%31.9%Fever14.8%14.2%Typically the symptoms went away in one day.“Just because a vaccine has side effects doesn’t mean it’s not safe,” said Dr. Olulade. “We know that side effects happen actually because your immune system is working and waking up. It's actually a positive thing.”The slight difference in side effects could be because of differences in the way researchers polled volunteers, or it could be something with the architecture of the vaccines, experts said.The companies use different tiny bubbles of fat to enclose the messenger RNA. Moderna’s bubble is a little stronger and more stable so it doesn’t need to be stored at sub-arctic temperatures.“It could be that [Moderna’s] elicits a little more inflammation than the other,” Dr. Chin-Hong said.Having slightly more side effects could be a sign that Moderna’s vaccine prompts a stronger immune response that might lead to longer-lasting immunity, but the durability of either vaccine remains one of the most pressing unanswered questions.The biggest difference may be where the vaccines are deployed. Since Pfizer's vaccine needs to be stored at such cold temperatures, experts said Moderna's vaccine may be prioritized for rural hospitals and community health centers that lack ultra-cold storage units. 3370

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local family members are reacting to the news that the bodies of two San Diegans who went missing in Mexico have reportedly been found in a well in Baja, California.According to the Associated Press, the Baja California state prosecutor’s office said in a statement that 78-year-old Ian Hirschsohn and 73-year-old Kathy Harvey were discovered in a well, south of Ensenada, Mexico.On Tuesday, the U.S. State Department sent ABC10 News the following statement: “The U.S. Department of State's top priority is the safety and security of U.S. citizens. We are aware of reports that local authorities have discovered the remains of two people near San Quintin and are closely monitoring their ongoing investigation.”On Tuesday, ABC10 News spoke to Hirschsohn's son-in-law over the phone. He said that family members are not yet ready to go on-camera but they want viewers to know what a senseless tragedy this is. They’re trying to accept the reality that Hirschsohn and Harvey may have been murdered but they’re yet entirely convinced that the bodies found are those of the retired couple. However, San Diego Police confirmed Tuesday that positive identification was made.“He went to Mexico a lot. I'd say he went down at least every couple of months,” Hirschsohn’s Solana Beach neighbor and friend Jim Dietz told ABC10 News on Tuesday. He described Hirschsohn has a highly-intelligent, active and well-traveled man. Those words were echoed by his son-in-law.“He was a real gentleman. He wouldn't say an unkind word about anybody,” said Dietz who added, “I feel very bad for [his kids] because they lost their mother a few years ago and now they lose their father in this kind of a tragic way. My heart goes out to them.”On Tuesday, ABC10 News reached out to the Baja California state prosecutor’s office and Kathy Harvey’s family. We are waiting for responses. 1884

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Lifeguards Thursday rescued a 17-year-old girl who fell while hiking at Blacks Beach near Torrey Pines.Lifeguards say the teen was hiking with two other teenagers near Box Canyon about 1:30 p.m. when she fell at least 12 feet into a creek bed.A San Diego Fire-Rescue helicopter flew her to safety. Lifeguards helped the girl's companions walk down to the beach.The girl injured her leg and possibly her head. She was taken to Scripps Hospital in La Jolla.Lifeguards said three other people were rescued about the same time, including one person who started climbing down the cliff and became too scared to go up or down.Watch video from the scene in the player below:  711

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s a chance for the community to get a behind-the-scenes look into local policing. The program, Inside SDPD, held a few times a year, aims to bridge the gap between the community and local law enforcement. As seen through local demonstrations against police brutality and rogue officers, there can be a divide that exists between law enforcement and the public. “We’re not here to say we hate all police, that’s not what we’re here for. We’re here to say that law enforcement who is acting outside the bounds of justice, equality, equity… those officers need to be fired. They need to be arrested. They need to be jailed if need be,” said Yusef Miller of the Racial Justice Coalition during an October demonstration in San Diego.There is one thing both sides agree on: wanting to build better relationships. San Diego Police see Inside SDPD as helping with that goal. It's hosted in coordination with the San Diego Police Foundation. The program introduces participants into various aspects of policing, including Taser use, use of force simulations, traffic stops, and K9 demonstrations. The goal is to make situations as realistic as possible. For first-time participant Helen Auerbach, it was eye-opening. “Certainty with the body cameras and the shootings. When you see it from one angle and you see the same thing from a different angle, it’s a completely different scenario,” she said. Teenager Logan Miller also participated. “You’re told it’s a simulation, but when you have the props… and the sound [is] very, very loud and you’re actually being interacted with on screen… again the world I keep saying [is] realistic. You are submerged in that situation,” Miller said.Team 10 asked Assistant San Diego Police Chief Paul Connelly what he would say to critics of the department. “I would just say keep an open mind. We have a very difficult job to do,” he said. In an era where community members are demanding transparency, he said the department continues to work toward that goal. “That’s something the San Diego Police Department is really striving to do. For instance, all our policies and procedures can be found on our website. And we hold events like these to invite the community out so they can see exactly how we’re trained.” Auerbach, who found out about the event through an online neighborhood website, recommends the program. “I really thing everyone should do this. I think every child should be exposed to this in school,” Auerbach said. The next "Inside SDPD" event is in December, focused specifically on K9s. There is a suggested donation for the program. Each event can hold roughly 80 people. POLICE TRANSPARENCY PROJECT DISCUSSIONJoin our Facebook group for constructive conversation around these issues. If you are a community member with questions about how the police investigate themselves or have suggestions on how officer-involved shootings or police misconduct can be prevented, we welcome you to join this group and the conversation. Follow this link to join: https://www.facebook.com/groups/transparencyproject/ 3080

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In just days, Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine will go before a key group of scientific advisers to the Food and Drug Administration, and a San Diego doctor will be part of the process to cast an important vote.Dr. Mark Sawyer, an infectious disease specialist at Rady Children’s Hospital, will serve as a voting member of the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee or VRBPAC when the body meets Dec. 10 to publicly vet Pfizer’s COVID-19 candidate.Dr. Sawyer is also a professor of clinical pediatrics at UC San Diego. He has served before on this outside advisory committee to the FDA, but the stakes have never been so high.“I mean this is a tough decision,” he said in an interview Friday. “We're weighing the benefit of a vaccine against the risks. And with any new product, we don't know the risks and we have to estimate based on the data we have.”Dr. Sawyer said he received Pfizer’s full Phase 3 data Friday morning, making him one of the first Americans outside the FDA to see the full details of the company’s large-scale clinical trial. The FDA is expected to release the data to the general public by Tuesday, two days before the public meeting.Sawyer will be one of about 20 outside vaccine experts from around the country on VRBPAC. The FDA hasn’t yet released a full roster of the doctors and scientists who will take part. The independent advisory committee will hear comments from Pfizer and the FDA and listen to public input before voting on whether to recommend emergency authorization.The marathon meeting is expected to last up to nine hours.“The FDA counts on this advisory committee to be an independent group of people who are looking at the same information they looked at and asking us what our concerns are, or whether we reached the same conclusion that their staff have reached,” he said.The meeting comes on the heels of a study by Pew Research that found lingering skepticism of the vaccine. Just 60% of Americans planned to get vaccinated as of the survey released Monday.“I do think that's going to change once this committee meets and the data is made public and we can all talk together as a community about what we know about the safety, and what we don't know, frankly,” he said.Dr. Sawyer was a member of VRBPAC for four years and briefly served as the acting chair in 2017.The committee meets a few times each year to make recommendations on the annual flu vaccine and other drugs.The committee’s vote is not binding. The job of the outside advisers is to issue a recommendation and the FDA can overrule them, but the agency rarely does. From 2003 to 2019, VRBPAC made 105 recommendations. The agency fully implemented 84% of VRBPAC’s recommendations and partially implemented 10%, according to Union of Concerned Scientists.That means when the committee votes Thursday, it’ll carry a lot of weight. The FDA is expected to announce its final decision shortly after the vote, possibly within hours.Dr. Sawyer said the advisers will make a decision following the process they traditionally do, based on all the knowns and unknowns. “And we’re going to weigh that against what we're going through right now,” he said. “Our hospitals are getting overwhelmed. Our ICUs are getting full.”“We really need to do something to intervene and the vaccine is the best thing we've got going,” he added. 3369