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While the second Monday in October is traditionally when Columbus Day is observed, many communities have opted to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead.Columbus Day became a federal holiday in 1937. For many, the holiday is a way of honoring the achievements of Christopher Columbus and celebrating Italian-American heritage, according the History Channel.However, the explorer and his holiday have generated controversy. Although Columbus was the first European to explore the Americas since the Vikings established colonies in the 10th century, the History Channel says he viewed the native people as obstacles.Columbus is accused of labeling the indigenous people as “Indians.” Other points of controversy revolve around the use of violence and slavery, the forced conversion of native people to Christianity, and the introduction of deadly diseases.As a result of these points, Native Americans and other groups have protested the celebration of Columbus Day, viewing it as a celebration of the colonization of America, the beginning of the slave trade, and the deaths of natives from murder and disease.In the past few years, there’s been a movement to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day, which honors Native American histories and cultures. Several states now celebrate or observe that holiday instead of or in conjunction with Columbus Day.A total of 14 states, Washington D.C. and more than 130 cities observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day, USA Today reports. Those states are Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont and Wisconsin. 1648

When the Trump administration first asked the Pentagon to send troops to the southern border, they wanted them to perform emergency law enforcement functions, CNN has learned.The Pentagon said no.According to two defense official familiar with the request, the Department of Homeland Security asked that the Pentagon provide a reserve force that could be called upon to provide "crowd and traffic control" and safeguard Customs and Border Protection personnel at the border to counter a group of Central American migrants walking to the U.S. border to request asylum.The Pentagon rejected the request on October 26, according to one of the officials, even as it signed off on providing DHS with air and logistics support, medical personnel and engineers.The request was turned down because the Department of Defense felt that active duty troops do not have the authority to conduct that type of mission unless they are granted additional authorities by the President.Defense officials have repeatedly emphasized the troops at the border are there to support civil authorities and that they are not expected to come into any contact with migrants. 1154

What's happening in the political world:Delta, United joins list of companies cutting ties with NRA-- Delta and United airlines have joined several large companies that pulled benefits offered to National Rifle Association members, following calls to boycott the organization following their response to the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.Delta tweeted that they have requested to be removed from the NRA's website: "Delta is reaching out to the NRA to let them know we will be ending their contract for discounted rates through our group travel program. We will be requesting that the NRA remove our information from their website.""United is notifying the NRA that we will no longer offer a discounted rate to their annual meeting and we are asking that the NRA remove our information from their website," United similarly tweeted Saturday.  Metlife, Symantec, and Enterprise are just some of the companies who announced they will cut ties with the NRA this week. None of the companies have given details about why or when they decided to cut ties, but the news comes as the hashtag #BoycottNRA has circulated widely on social media.Manafort indictment alleges secret payments to European politicians 1246

With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

When talking about veteran mental health, much of the conversation is centered on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). While both are widespread and debilitating, the mental health-related challenges veterans face go beyond these conditions.Dependable, courageous, and in peak physical shape, Theresa Larson chased perfection when joining the Marine Corps.“I wanted to be the exemplary Marine," said Larson. "To the T. What does a good Marine officer do? I had to do that.”A stellar student and Division 1 college athlete, she had been training for a challenge like this her entire life. With two older brothers in the military, Larson was well aware of the unique challenges she'd face as a female leader. “You have to be really fit and healthy. You have to be fitter than them. They're going to look at you physically and see how you perform," said Larson.Leader of a platoon, Larson was responsible for more than 50 Marines, working to earn their respect while training them for war. “You already fit in if you’re a male, if you’re a female, it's what is she going to do for me? Kind of attitude. And I was prepared for that," said Larson.But chasing perfection would come at a cost; her own well-being was no longer a priority. As the 12 to 15-hour days and mounting pressure felt out of her control, Larson latched onto what she could control. “The drug was food for me, so it ended up turning into the bulimia end of the first year," said Larson.With rigid fitness standards and weight requirements, the National Eating Disorders Association says service members are at especially high risk for eating disorders.“Abuse of fitness and nutrition tends to be the thing. It might not be full-blown bulimia or anorexia, or anything like that, but it can be a lot of disordered eating. Obviously, with yo-yo dieting, too much exercise or too little exercise can affect your focus," said Larson.Before deploying to Iraq, Larson sought help from a friend but didn’t disclose her illness to the military, fearing she’d lose her job.“I tried to make everyone realize I would be OK because I didn’t want to let the Marines down. You know, mission accomplishment and troop welfare are kind of the things we thrive on as Marines, especially Marine leaders," said Larson. No longer at a desk, leading operations and landmine missions, the responsibility to protect her platoon had never felt greater."It dawned on me, 'gosh, I’m really not OK. And this is not about me. It's about all the Marines I’m taking care of. So yeah, I’m sick, and I’m going to affect someone else.' It was a wake-up call," said Larson.Larson was sent home and said she had to fight to get treatment in the military. While grateful they covered 12 weeks of care in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic, Larson says she was on her own to continue getting help.“Anyone knows that has an addiction, it’s not just a, 'OK, you're done.' It's a continuous, daily decision and practice. And so, I ended up paying for my own care after that for a while," said Larson. "It was a couple of years until I stopped the symptoms of bulimia, and then was just dealing with what was left-- the depression, the anxiety, and managing that.”She says getting healthy became her job. And after the military, Larson helped others do the same. She wrote a memoir about her military experience and has since been contacted by countless service members and veterans struggling with similar challenges. “As a leader, there's a fine line of when you push yourself and when you need to ask for help. And asking for help, I’ve learned, is not a weakness. It’s a strength," said Larson.After earning a doctorate in physical therapy, Larson and her husband founded Movement Rx, a program helping people around the country uncover the root cause of their pain and injuries. “Just because someone is in a wheelchair, that’s not the only thing going on. Or if someone looks like they’re fine, it doesn’t mean they don’t have something going on," said Larson. In addition to free online resources for veterans, Movement Rx has free in-person training for veterans in San Diego. “We have our health care platform that veterans can use, offering mindfulness and meditation, nutrition support, fitness, as well as movement, working through injuries," said Larson. While there's more help now for struggling veterans and service members, Larson knows asking for it is still just as hard. “You asking for help, it's going to open more doors and more growth than you can ever imagine, but you have to take that vulnerable leap, and that's when life really happens." 4633