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LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."
BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China's 11 government departments have jointly released a guideline outlining major measures to lessen noise pollution amid rising noise disputes and complaints, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said Tuesday.The ministry's spokesperson, Tao Detian, said Tuesday the country saw rising complaints about noise pollution, which has caused an increasingly negative impact on the living environment in recent years.The 26-article guideline focuses on addressing noise pollution in fields including industry, construction, traffic and people's daily lives.Further, the regulation bans businesses from using acoustic instruments outdoors to lure customers.Also, heavy noise polluters are banned from entering industrial parks, according to the guideline.Moreover, motor vehicles should strictly observe speed limits, traffic restrictions and use of auto horns around "noise-sensitive buildings" such as hospitals, schools, government organs, scientific research institutions and residential buildings, it said.According to the guideline, government departments would also impose higher fines on noise polluters and collect fees for "discharges of excessive noise," in accordance with law.The newly issued document calls on various government agencies, such as the ministries on environmental protection, science and technology, public security, finance, housing, transportation and railways, to make coordinated efforts to curb pollution.Further, government organs could launch regular inspection campaigns in major cities, it said.According to the guideline, government agencies will set up a system to examine sound-proof qualities of civilian buildings and provide a list of major noise pollution sources by the end of this year.Also, the guideline ordered major cities to establish an automatic noise monitoring system and to equip each city in the country with at least one noise display screen by the end of 2011.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Web exploit toolkits, or " packaged" attack frameworks that can be traded online, are rapidly growing as the top cybercrime weapon due to ease of use and high success rate, a new report has found."When it comes to conducting online crime, exploit toolkits are the weapon of choice for many cyber criminals," said the "2010 Top Cyber Security Risks Report" published by Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Monday.The trend started in 2006 with the release of WebAttacker, considered by many to be the first modern day web exploit toolkit, according to the report.An emerging trend ensued and soon took off, and today the Internet is subjected to hundreds of exploits originating from these toolkits."With the ever-increasing, web-based criminal activity, the number of exploit toolkits has skyrocketed and shows no signs of slowing down," the report stated.Though protecting against attacks originated with web exploit toolkits is becoming increasingly difficult, there are ways to minimize the risk of infection, said the report, noting that one of the most effective defenses is to install patches onto host systems.The report also found that while the number of attacks against known vulnerabilities continues to rise, the number of discovered vulnerabilities has plateaued in 2010."We've discovered that rather than investing resources to uncover new exploits, attackers are focused on current, unpatched vulnerabilities in web applications, social networking sites and Web 2.0 interfaces," Mike Dausin, a manager at HP Digital Vaccine Labs, said in a statement.Data from the report showed that nearly half of all reported vulnerabilities exist in web applications, and third-party plug- ins to content management systems have become the leading cause of web application vulnerabilities.
ABUJA, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- China and Nigeria celebrated the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations on Thursday evening in Nigeria's capital city Abuja.More than 600 Chinese and Nigerian guests, including Nigeria's former Head of State Yakubu Gowon, attended the gala event.On Feb. 10, 1971, the two most populous developing countries in Asia and Africa set up their diplomatic relations, said Deng Boqing, the Chinese ambassador to Nigeria.The frequent high level visits from both sides built up the mutual trust, the exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy, culture, science, education and health, he said.The bilateral trade volume in 2010 is expected to break the record 7.5 billion U.S. dollars in 2008. The total Chinese investment in Nigeria has been nearly 8 billion dollars by the end of 2010, he said.Deng also gave tribute to the indispensable efforts made by the overseas Chinese and Chinese companies in Nigeria.Yakubu Gowon, former head of state in the 1970s, told Xinhua that he was delighted to witness the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Nigeria in 1971 during his term. He visited China and met the late Chinese leader Mao Zedong in 1974.Nigeria's President Goodluck Jonathan sent his representative to the celebration of the 40th anniversary of bilateral ties, pledging the two countries would work closely in the future.
BERLIN, May 26 (Xinhua) -- German health officials said Thursday that cucumbers imported from Spain was one source of a recent deadly E. coli outbreak in northern states that killed three people and made hundreds sick.The Hamburg Institute for Hygiene and the Environment (HU) found that four cucumbers in a local market were contaminated by Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and three of them were imported from two separate Spanish suppliers, Hamburg state health authorities said.The origin of the fourth cucumber was still under investigation, officials added.German supermarkets began to pull Spanish cucumbers off shelves Thursday afternoon following the findings in Hamburg. The food- monitoring agencies in the northern states were launching investigations on vegetable markets, the federal agriculture ministry said in a statement.Figures showed that Spain is Germany's second largest supplier of cucumbers within the European Union, accounting for some 40 percent of the country's cucumber imports.Scientists said that EHEC is a virulent strain of gut bacterium that can cause severe stomach upsets, diarrhea, stroke and coma. It would lead to kidney failure in extreme cases.Germany saw a terrible E. coli outbreak two weeks ago, starting from the northern states like Hamburg and then spreading to eastern and southern regions. German health authorities said that at least three people have died from infections, and more than 200 have been diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by EHEC.Germany's national disease centre, the Robert Koch Institute, suggest people avoid eating raw tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce for a while.
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