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THE HAGUE, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- ESBL-enzymes, which are known for their ability to stop the effects of antibiotics, can directly pass from chicken to people, said a research published on Tuesday.Veterinary researcher Dik Mevius of the Wageningen University released the finding in the magazine Resource.The research group led by Mevius has isolated six ESBL-genes varieties and compared them to bacteria found on hospital patients, on super market poultry and in laying batteries. In 35 percent of all cases, they discovered a match of 100 percent.Bacteria like Klebsiella on E. coli can produce the ESBL-enzymes. A healthy person will not feel any effect, but people with a lower immune system can get very sick. In areas like a hospital, the infection can easily spread."The main concern is that the enzyme resists the most used antibiotics, which makes the treatment of infected persons difficult," said Mevius.According to Mevius, 94 percent of supermarket poultry carries the enzyme, but all enzymes will be killed during the heating process of cooking.

LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

LOS ANGELES, June 4 (Xinhua) -- Pregnant women who eat high-fat diet may be more likely to have a higher rate of stillbirth, a new study suggests.Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSH) came to the conclusion after observing 24 pregnant Japanese macaques that ate either a diet comprising 32 percent calories from fat or a control diet with 14 percent fat calories for at least four years.The researchers found the monkeys that ate a high-fat diet experienced a significant decrease in blood flow from the uterus to the placenta, a reduction of 38 percent to 56 percent, and a rise in placental inflammation.This was the case regardless of whether the monkeys were obese or slender. The risk of stillbirth was further compounded, however, when the monkeys were obese with hyper-insulinemia, or pre-diabetes.A large order of McDonald's french fries are shown May 22, 2008. McDonald's has switched to cooking oils free of trans fats in all of its restaurants in the United States and Canada, Chief Executive Jim Skinner said on may 23Eating a high-fat diet decreases blood flow from the mother to the placenta, the temporary organ that nourishes the unborn fetus, thus raising the risk of stillbirth, the researchers explained.Because the placental structure of the Japanese macaque is very similar to that in humans, cause and effect can be better established, the researchers said.Additional studies are needed to determine exactly how a high- fat diet decreases placental blood flow, the researchers noted.This is the first study to explain exactly how a fatty diet contributes to stillbirth, the researchers said in the study appearing in the June edition of the journal Endocrinology.The researchers hope their work will inform expectant moms and their physicians about the inherent dangers of a high-calorie, high- fat diet."This study demonstrates that maternal diet during pregnancy has a profound influence on both placental and fetal development," said Antonio Frias, M.D., principal investigator and assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology (perinatology/maternal-fetal medicine) in the OHSU School of Medicine."The high-calorie, high-fat diet common in our society has negative effects on placental function and may be a significant contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as stillbirth."Previous studies have shown that nearly all adverse outcomes during pregnancy -- abnormal fetal growth, preeclampsia, preterm labor and stillbirth -- are in some way associated with an abnormally developed, or damaged, placenta, the temporary organ that nourishes the unborn fetus.In addition, maternal obesity has been associated with placental inflammation and dysfunction and an increased risk of stillbirth.Taking these findings into account, the researchers hypothesized that eating a diet high in fat during pregnancy also may increase the risk of placental inflammation and the risk of stillbirth.The researchers said they plan to conduct further studies on the impact of dietary changes and diet supplementation on improving outcomes in both monkeys and humans.

LOS ANGELES, July 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Juno spacecraft is 30 days away before its first launch window opens, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Tuesday."One month from today, our first launch window opens at 11:34 a. m. EDT (8:34 a.m. PDT) and lasts 69 minutes," said Jan Chodas, Juno project manager from NASA's JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles."Our primary launch period is 22 days long, and so if weather or other issues come up on Aug. 5, we have 21 more days to get Juno flying. Once we get Juno into space, it's a five-year cruise to Jupiter.""The launch window is the length of time allotted every day for an attempt to launch the spacecraft," said Chodas. "The launch period is the period of time in days when everything is in the right place to get your mission off to the right start."For a mission like Juno, getting everything in the right place includes considering the size of the rocket and spacecraft, where our home planet -- and in particular Juno's launch pad -- is pointed at any moment, and its location in space relative to other celestial objects like Juno's final target, Jupiter.Juno is scheduled to launch aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from pad 41-C at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.The solar-powered spacecraft will orbit Jupiter's poles 33 times to find out more about the gas giant's origins, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere and investigate the existence of a solid planetary core.JPL manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio.The Juno mission is part of the New Frontiers Program managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alaska. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 3 (Xinhua)-- Google's top legal officer on Wednesday posted a scathing blog post, accusing Microsoft, Apple, Oracle and other companies of waging "bogus" patent wars over smartphone technologies.More than 550,000 Android devices are activated daily, but the success of the mobile operating system has yielded "a hostile, organized campaign against Android by Microsoft, Oracle, Apple and other companies, waged through bogus patent," said Google Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond."Microsoft and Apple have always been at each other's throats, so when they get into bed together you have to start wondering what's going on," wrote Drummond at the beginning of the blog post under the heading "When patents attack Android."The top legal officer lashed out the coalition that Apple and Microsoft formed to buy Novell patents and Nortel patents.Last month, Google was outbid by the 4.5 billion bid made by the winning consortium of companies that includes Apple, Microsoft, Research in Motion, Sony, Ericsson and EMC on Canadian company Nortel Network's patent portfolio.The Nortel portfolio, which is in all of the companies'best legal interests, includes patents on 3G and 4G wireless networking, optics, voice processing, semiconductors and more.Last December, an unnamed consortium of companies, organized by Microsoft and including Apple, EMC and Oracle, also outbid Google for nearly 900 patents of software company Novell.Patent litigation between technology companies have been flaring up particularly over mobile devices and technology.Last August, Oracle accused Google of infringing on patents related to Java, which the database giant acquired when it took ownership of Sun Microsystems in early 2010.Microsoft is suing device makers who use Android, including Barnes & Noble, Motorola and HTC.Drummond wrote that "We're also looking at other ways to reduce the anti-competitive threats against Android by strengthening our own patent portfolio. Unless we act, consumers could face rising costs for Android devices -- and fewer choices for their next phone."