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BEIJING, Oct. 18 (Xinhuanet) -- Autism can likely develop when low birth weight babies are combined with other factors such as environment and genetic predisposition, new research suggests.Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and School of Medicine identified 1,105 children who weighed less than 2,000 grams at birth between Oct. 1, 1984, and July 3, 1989.Sixteen years later, researchers were able to reach 623 of those children, and used a questionnaire to screen them for autism spectrum disorders.When 189 of the children turned 21 years old, 60 percent of those who screened positive for an autism spectrum disorder, and 24 percent of those who screened negative with the condition. All in all, the rate of autism spectrum disorders among the study participants with low birth weights was five times higher than the general.Autism spectrum disorder makes people have difficulty communicating, difficulty interacting in social situations, and restrictive or repetitive interests, said study co-author Jennifer Pinto-Martin, a researcher in the University.Those with mild autism spectrum disorders, "may only want to talk about one subject," Pinto-Martin said. "They're perfectly functional. They can go to college. They can hold a job." Premature babies are often born with low birth weights, though full-term babies can also have the condition. The research suggests a need not only for better prenatal care to reduce the number of premature babies, but also a need for early diagnosis and intervention for people with autism.

SUVA, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- There are 60 typhoid cases in Nanoko, with 29 already hospitalized, according to Fiji's Health Ministry.Senior Health Inspector Paula Laqere said Sunday that the increas means that people are not practicing proper hygiene standards. Laqere said most of the communities in Fiji have a really low level of good hygiene practices.The other problem is that some communities in Fiji have very poor sources of clean and safe water and this is what Fijian guests need to be cautious of."Typhoid is basically spread through contaminated water and our hygiene practices. It's an indicator that the sanitation level of any community is really low."A 30 day public health emergency is in place for the village, effective from Dec. 12 to Jan. 12.Recently, Fiji recorded rates of high typhoid fever in the world, said WHO South Pacific Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Team leader doctor Jacob Kool.Kool said typhoid fever was difficult to diagnose and could be fatal in 10-20 percent of untreated patients.Recent studies showed that infants are commonly affected and are extremely vulnerable to the disease. Outbreaks occur regularly in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation including urban slums, he said.Kool said the only reliable symptom was prolonged fever and blood and stool culture are still the best available diagnostic tests but have a high rate of false negative results. He said therefore suspected typhoid cases should be treated regardless of the result of lab tests and ciprofloxacin was the recommended therapy for all age groups.Last year AusAID, WHO and UNICEF launched a typhoid fever vaccination campaign in Fiji.

CANBERRA, Oct. 4 (Xinhua) -- A visiting U.S. obesity expert, Kelly Brownell, on Tuesday called on Australia to make a start on taxing high-sugar soft drinks.As director of U.S. Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Professor Brownell is in Canberra of Australia to attend the 46th Australian Psychological Society Annual Conference.He said soft drinks were a good place to start in the taxing of high-sugar foods because they were the single greatest source of added sugar in the average person's diet, had absolutely no nutritional value, were marketed aggressively and were linked with the risk for obesity and diabetes.While obesity has overtaken smoking as the leading cause of premature death and illness in Australia, he said the government should tax soft drinks in the same way it taxes cigarettes, because research showed that taxes had been the strongest influence on falling rates of consumption."We have seen how effective tobacco taxes have been in reducing rates of smoking, so there is no reason to believe such taxes wouldn't be as effective in reducing the consumption of high sugar and fat foods," Brownell, who was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world, told the conference in Canberra on Tuesday. "A soft-drink tax is a good place to start. "Earlier this week, Denmark became the first country to impose a tax on food containing saturated fats, and Brownell said he completely supports Denmark's policy and that governments should act courageously to do whatever is effective in encouraging better eating habits.According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report, Australia is ranked as one of the fattest nations in the developed world. The prevalence of obesity in Australia has more than doubled in the past 20 years, with more than 17 million Australians are overweight or obese.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States on Tuesday held high-level talks on enhancing cooperation on anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with an aim to strengthen the bilateral economic and trade relations.This was the first time that the two sides held such meeting since they signed in last July a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement cooperation by related enforcement agencies from the two countries.Gao Hucheng, China's International Trade Representative and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Commerce, led the Chinese delegation to the talks with the U.S. delegation headed by Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, and Sharis Pozen, acting Assistant Attorney General of the Department of Justice in charge of anti-trust affairs.The two sides briefed each other on the latest developments on the anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies and their enforcement in own country, while discussing ways to further strengthen anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in related industries, during a time of economic downturn.They also reached an agreement on the guidelines of cooperation on pursuing anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in individual cases, such as mergers of corporations, after reviewing the bilateral exchanges and cooperation in this field.It was agreed that the China-U.S. economic and trade relations are the cornerstone of the overall bilateral relationship, and the enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-trust laws can help secure the smooth development of their economies, to the benefits of both countries and peoples.Such talks are conducive to enhancing mutual understanding of each other's practices in formulating and enforcing anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies, through sharing experiences and increased cooperation, the two sides agreed.In July, three Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce and State Administration for Industry and Commerce, signed the MOU on cooperation in anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with the U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission.The document is a long-term framework between China's anti- monopoly enforcement agencies and their U.S. counterparts, designed to promote better enforcement of competition laws and regulations of the two countries. Under the MOU, the two sides will hold high-level consultations, exchange of information on law enforcement and policies, as well as cooperation on specific cases, mainly for mergers.

BEIJING, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- The United States Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner will discuss economic ties and exchange views with Chinese officials on the global economic situation during his trip to China, Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weimin said on Monday.Liu said at a regular press briefing that Geithner will visit China from Jan. 10 to 11 as the U.S. President's special representative. Premier Wen Jiabao, Vice President Xi Jinping, Vice Premier Li Keqiang and Vice Premier Wang Qishan will meet with him during the visit.Liu said China and the U.S. have agreed to build a partnership of cooperation based on mutual respect and mutual benefit."The global economic and financial situation is facing severe challenges. Further strengthening China-U.S. economic and trade cooperation will be helpful in meeting these challenges," Liu said."China has proposed further promoting the two countries' economic and trade cooperation and hopes the U.S. will work with China toward this end," Liu said.

来源：资阳报