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LOS ANGELES, May 12 (Xinhua) -- A subsurface ocean of molten or partially molten magma exists beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday."The finding heralds the first direct confirmation of this kind of magma layer at Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system," JPL said in a press release posted on its website.The finding was based on new data analysis from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, said JPL.The research was conducted by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz;, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The study is published this week in the journal Science, JPL said."Scientists are excited we finally understand where Io's magma is coming from and have an explanation for some of the mysterious signatures we saw in some of the Galileo's magnetic field data," said Krishan Khurana, lead author of the study and former co- investigator on Galileo's magnetometer team at UCLA."It turns out Io was continually giving off a 'sounding signal' in Jupiter's rotating magnetic field that matched what would be expected from molten or partially molten rocks deep beneath the surface."Io produces about 100 times more lava each year than all the volcanoes on Earth, according to data released by JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.While Earth's volcanoes occur in localized hotspots like the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean, Io's volcanoes are distributed all over its surface, JPL said, adding that a global magma ocean about 30 to 50 km beneath Io's crust helps explain the moon's activity."It has been suggested that both the Earth and its moon may have had similar magma oceans billions of years ago at the time of their formation, but they have long since cooled," said Torrence Johnson, a former Galileo project scientist based at JPL, an affiliation with NASA."Io's volcanism informs us how volcanoes work and provides a window in time to styles of volcanic activity that may have occurred on the Earth and moon during their earliest history," said Johnson, who was not directly involved in the study.NASA's Voyager spacecraft discovered Io's volcanoes in 1979, making that moon the only body in the solar system other than Earth known to have active magma volcanoes. The energy for the volcanic activity comes from the squeezing and stretching of the moon by Jupiter's gravity as Io orbits the largest planet in the solar system.Galileo was launched in 1989 and began orbiting Jupiter in 1995. Unexplained signatures appeared in magnetic field data from Galileo flybys of Io in October 1999 and February 2000. After a successful mission, the spacecraft was intentionally sent into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2003.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- Study by scientists at the Rockefeller University shows that anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the effectiveness of the most widely used class of antidepressant medications, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), taken for depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders.This discovery, published online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, may explain why so many depressed patients taking SSRIs do not respond to antidepressant treatment and suggests that this lack of effectiveness may be preventable.The study may be especially significant in the case of Alzheimer's disease. Such patients commonly suffer from depression and unless this can be treated successfully, the course of the illness is likely to be more severe. Depression in the elderly is also a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's Disease and researchers have suggested that treating depression in the elderly might reduce the risk of developing the disease.In the recent study, investigators treated mice with antidepressants in the presence or absence of anti-inflammatory drugs. They then examined how the mice behaved in tasks that are sensitive to antidepressant treatment. They found that the mice's behavioral responses to antidepressants were inhibited by anti- inflammatory/analgesic treatments.They then confirmed these effects in a human population. Depressed individuals who reported anti-inflammatory drug use were much less likely to have their symptoms relieved by an antidepressant than depressed patients who reported no anti- inflammatory drug use. The effect was rather dramatic since, in the absence of any anti-inflammatory or analgesic use, 54 percent of patients responded to the antidepressant, whereas success rates dropped to approximately 40 percent for those who reported using anti-inflammatory agents."Many elderly individuals suffering from depression also have arthritic or related diseases and as a consequence are taking both antidepressant and anti-inflammatory medications. Our results suggest that physicians should carefully balance the advantages and disadvantages of continuing anti-inflammatory therapy in patients being treated with antidepressant medications," leader author Paul Greengard said.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- As the traditional Spring Festival season ended two days ago, a new wave of post-holiday travel rush came to China's railway system, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) said Saturday.According to a statement from the MOR, the nation's railways carried 6.49 million passengers on Friday, the first day after the Lantern Festival which ended the festival season.The new wave of passengers mainly included students going back to school for the new semester and migrant workers returning to cities to start work. On Friday alone, 919,000 student passenger trips were made on railways, said the MOR.The ministry expected the travel volume and duration of the new peak to be similar to the previous year, with an average of more than 6 million railway passenger trips a daily.The MOR figures also showed that 166 million trips were made on railways since the Spring Festival travel rush began on Jan. 19, up 6 percent from the same period last year.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhuanet) -- A new research indicats taking vitamin D could ward off vision loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in women younger than 75, according to media reports on Tuesday.In the research, women under 75 who consumed sufficient vitamin D cut their risk of developing early age-related AMD, a leading cause of vision loss and blindness, by 59 percent when compared to women with vitamin D-poor diets.Researchers found that vitamin D levels among patients in the study were most affected by the amount of vitamin D they consumed, through certain fish, dairy, eggs, and leafy greens, not by the amount of outdoor exposure they had. Considering many Americans are actually deficient in vitamin D, this study may offer one more reason for women to include vitamin D-rich foods in the diet, said the lead author on the study, Amy Millen of the University of Buffalo.

SANAA, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- In response to earlier reports that a Chinese-flagged commercial ship was hijacked by Somali pirates off Yemeni coast, the China Maritime Search and Rescue Center (MSA) said Sunday that the ship has never been hijacked, and is now sailing safely with escort of the Chinese anti-piracy navy fleet.Both the "Tien Hau" ship, which was registered in Hong Kong, China, and its 22-member crew, are safe, a MSA official confirmed to Xinhua over the phone. The center contacted the ship to make sure it was safe, he added.The ship had been followed by a suspicious boat for a while, but it was never attacked or hijacked, the official said.Earlier, Yemeni Interior Ministry had said the ship was hijacked by pirates some 20 kilometers off the Yemeni island of Al-Tair off the city port of al-Hudaida, and was heading to Somali coast.The Gulf of Aden is considered as one of the world's most dangerous waters because of rampant piracy.