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BEIJING, Aug. 14 (Xinhua) -- Gary Locke, the newest U.S. ambassador to China, promised on Sunday to promote bilateral cooperation and understanding between the two countries.Acknowledging challenges in the "important and complex diplomatic and economic bilateral relationship" between the two countries, Locke said he looks forward to working with the Chinese government to expand bilateral cooperation and collaboration.He made the remarks at a press conference held on Sunday afternoon, his first public appearance since arriving in Beijing on Friday evening. Locke's wife Mona Lee and their three children accompanied him at the conference.Speaking about the things he hopes to accomplish over the next several months, Locke said the most important thing will be "to promote stronger and better understanding between the U.S. and China.""This must be done so that more people in the United States understand China, its history, its contributions to world civilization, its challenges and the amazing progress China has made in such a short time," he said.Locke also stressed China's "unique history, culture, and philosophy," which he said must be understood if the two countries wish to forge a more cooperative relationship.Locke, a Democrat, was elected as Washington state's 21st governor in 1996, becoming the first Chinese-American governor in U.S. history. He won reelection in 2000. President Obama nominated Locke as Commerce Secretary in February 2009.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Global marketing and advertising research company Nielson on Thursday said in its latest survey that Google's Android operating system (OS) continued to dominate the U.S. smartphone market in June.According to Nielson's June survey of mobile consumers, the Android OS claims the largest share of the U.S. consumer smartphone market with 39 percent. Apple's iOS is in second place with 28 percent while RIM Blackberry is down to 20 percent.Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 OS had a 9 percent share of the market while HP webOS (Palm) accounted for 2 percent as did Nokia' s Symbian.In Nielson's May survey, 38 percent of smartphone consumers had a device powered by Android, compared to 27 percent for Apple's iOS for iPhones and 21 percent for RIM Blackberry.Talking about the manufacturer share, Apple is the No.1 in the U.S. as it is the only company manufacturing smartphones with the iOS, said the report.Other leading manufacturers include HTC, whose Android phones represents 14 percent of the smartphone market and whose Windows Mobile/WP7 devices accounted for 6 percent of the market.Motorola's Android devices are owned by 11 percent of smartphone consumers. Samsung's Android devices are used by 8 percent of smartphone consumers and its Windows Phone 7 devices take a 2 percent share, said Nielson.

UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- The message delivered by scores of speakers on the second day of the three-day UN High Level Meeting on AIDS on Thursday, marking 30 years of the pandemic, was that most of their countries were making progress but increased efforts had to be made with greater cooperation needed among nations.In the case of developing states, gratitude was expressed for past help but more aid was needed to continue the battle.Despite the similarities in content, the chair, UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss, repeatedly appealed to speakers to limit their speeches to their allotted five minutes, warning at the halfway point that if everyone was taking an extra few minutes, a fourth day would have to be added to the agenda.One of the briefest addresses, well under time, was delivered by Yin Li, China's vice health minister, which he referred to as " a responsible developing country."Briefly listing some of the steps taken, the Chinese vice minister focused on achieving the UNAIDS goal of the three Zs -- " Zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths.""We should unite to generate a joint force, irrespective of gender, skin color, nationality, beliefs, values and ideology. Developed countries should further provide developing countries with unselfish, unconditional financial and technical support," he said. "Developing countries should place AIDS control in a position as important as economic development and actively explore prevention and treatment mode consistent with national conditions. ""Second, given the increasing disease burden of AIDS," he said, "the private sector and relevant organizations should shoulder more social responsibility."On the one hand efforts should be made to mobilize more resources in AIDS to better implement prevention, treatment and care measures; on the other hand, multinational drug manufacturers should reduce by a large margin the price of drugs, testing equipment and reagents through technology transfer, contract manufacturing and reduction of monopoly profits in order to promote universal access to treatment services," Yin added.Since AIDS prevention and treatment in China is an important component in the global fight against AIDS, he said, "Progress made in China is a positive contribution globally."The High Level Meeting on AIDS is taking place 10 years after the UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS and five years since signing of the Political Declaration in which UN Member States committed to universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.Norway's minister of the environment and international development, Erik Solheim, said, "Prevention and treatment must be mutually reinforcing and better treatment regiments need to be made available."He called for development of innovative methods for prevention.While Solheim said "remarkable" results had been achieved in the last three decades, there still was a need for a " transformation of current working methods."AIDS must be taken out of isolation into an "integrated approach," noting that HIV response has to be connected with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health and "HIV and AIDS programs should be mainstreamed into national health systems, he said.Solheim said that the social, political and economic empowerment of women is crucial and he welcomed the establishment of the new UN agency UN Women."The burden of HIV in the world is reduced but major challenges remain," the minister said. "Our experience is that the approaches that work well on HIV, are those based on rights and on promoting the dignity of people."Celsius Waterberg, the health minister of Suriname, said the nation "is among the few countries in the Caribbean where the incidence of HIV infection has decreased by more than 25 percent."The strides forward are due to a national multi-sectoral HIV Council, setting up structures to provide leadership in quality of services and training in revised treatment protocols, he said.Suriname, the smallest sovereign state in South America, on the northeast coast of the continent, also introduced combined prevention tools and implemented pilot projects successful in mobilizing men for circumcision as an additional preventive measure, Waterberg said.Challenges that need to be overcome include harmful traditions and customs, misconceptions and adverse beliefs, language barriers in a multilingual society and vulnerability of small communities and individuals due to HIV-related stigma, gender inequalities and poverty, he said.Victor Makwenge Kaput, health minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, said that although the government had made progress in supporting individuals living with HIV and protecting the uninfected, it continues to face many challenges. Indeed, HIV prevalence stood at 3.7 percent for pregnant women and 3 percent for the general population, he said.AIDS' victims increasingly are women and youth with infections particularly concentrated along the Congo River, the minister said. Today, 1.2 million citizens are infected. Total population in the third largest country in Africa, about the size of Western Europe, is 71 million.He said women account for roughly 71,000 new infections each year and the government is now paying particular attention to mother-to-child transmission.Kaput said his long war-torn nation is committed to the global vision of zero infections and appealed for support to curb the spread of HIV.

ISLAMABAD, Sept. 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese ambassador to Pakistan declared on Sunday that the Chinese government will provide an emergency humanitarian aid worth 30 million RMB (4.7 million U.S. dollars) to Pakistan to help its relief efforts.In light of the immense damages caused by the floods in some parts of Pakistan, Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Liu Jian called on Pakistani Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar on Sunday to express sympathy and solidarity of the Chinese people toward Pakistani people and declared that the Chinese government will provide the emergency humanitarian aid.Diplomats and staff of the Chinese Embassy in Islamabad have recently voluntarily donated 600,000 rupee (about 6860 U.S. dollars) to the people who hit by the floods. The Chinese ambassador handed over the donation to Pakistani side on Sept. 8.On Sept. 9, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi sent a message to his Pakistani counterpart H.E. Hina Rabbani Khar, expressing his profound condolence to the victims and sincere sympathy to the affected people of the floods.The Chinese foreign minister said that China, as Pakistan's close friend, feels as much pain as Pakistan does and is ready to provide help to the best of its ability, in line with Pakistan's needs. He is convinced that the Pakistani people will definitely prevail over the natural disaster and rebuild their homes at an early date.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- An enzyme that appears to play a role in controlling the brain's response to nicotine and alcohol in mice might be a promising target for a drug that simultaneously would treat nicotine addiction and alcohol abuse in people, U.S. researchers find.Over the course of four weeks, mice genetically engineered to lack the gene for protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon consumed less of a nicotine-containing water solution than normal mice, and were less likely to return to a chamber in which they had been given nicotine. In contrast, normal mice steadily increased their consumption of nicotine solution while the mice lacking PKC epsilon did not.The study conducted by researchers at the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, appeared Monday in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.In normal mice, as in humans, nicotine binds to a certain class of nicotinic receptors located on dopamine neurons, which causes dopamine to be released in the brain. Dopamine creates a feeling of enjoyment, and thus prompts a sense of reward. Researchers found that mice lacking PKC epsilon are deficient in these nicotinic receptors.The finding complements earlier research in which researchers found that mice genetically engineered to lack the PKC epsilon enzyme drank less alcohol than normal mice and were disinclined to return to a chamber in which they had been given alcohol."This could mean that these mice might not get the same sense of reward from nicotine or alcohol," said Gallo senior associate director and investigator Robert Messing. "The enzyme looks like it regulates the part of the reward system that involves these nicotinic receptors."The reward system is a complex of areas in the brain that affect craving for nicotine, alcohol and other addictive substances.The next step in the research, said Messing, would be to develop compounds that inhibit PKC epsilon. The ultimate goal, he added, would be medications that could be used "to take the edge off of addiction by helping people get over some of their reward craving."