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Robots perform a dance in a competition in Mudanjiang, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, July 24, 2011. A nationwide robot competition was kicked off in the city on Sunday, with participants from 50 colleges and universities

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have proven that oncogenes can change normal cells into stem-like cells, paving the way to a safer and more practical approach to treating diseases like multiple sclerosis and cancer with stem cell therapy.In a collaborative study, researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), and the Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC) in California and Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center in New York have successfully converted human skin cells into brain cells by suppressing the expression of p53, a protein encoded by a widely studied oncogene. This suggests that p53 mutation helps determine cell fate -- good or bad -- rather than only the outcome of cancer.Oncogenes are generally thought to be genes that, when mutated, change healthy cells into cancerous tumor cells.Study findings were appearing Monday on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)."The reality may be more complicated than people think," said Jiang F. Zhong, Ph.D., assistant professor of pathology at the Keck School. "What is a stem cell gene? What is a cancer gene? It may be the same thing.""When you turn off p53, people think the cell becomes cancerous because we tend to focus on the bad thing," Zhong said. "Actually, the cell becomes more plastic and could do good things, too. Let's say the cell is like a person who loses his job (the restriction of p53). He could become a criminal or he could find another job and have a positive effect on society. What pushes him one way or the other, we don't know because the environment is very complicated."Stem cells can divide and differentiate into different types of cells in the body. In humans, embryonic stem cells differentiate into three families, or germ layers, of cells. The reasons why and how certain stem cells differentiate into particular layers are not clearly understood. However, from those layers, tissues and organs develop. The endoderm, for example, leads to formation of the stomach, colon and lungs, while the mesoderm forms blood, bone and heart tissue. In its study, Zhong's team examined human skin cells, which are related to brain and neural cells from the ectoderm.When p53 was suppressed, the skin cells developed into cells that looked exactly like human embryonic stem cells. But, unlike other man-made stem cells that are "pluripotent" and can become any other cells in the body, these cells differentiated only into cells from the same germ layer, ectoderm."IPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) can turn into anything, so they are hard to control," Zhong said. "Our cells are staying within the ectoderm lineage."Zhong said he expects that suppressing other oncogenes in other families of cells would have the same effect, which could have critical significance for stem cell therapy. Future research should focus on determining which genes to manipulate, Zhong said.The study is slated to appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences later this month, according to AAAS.

BEIJING, Aug 4 (Xinhuanet) – A new urine test might help doctors detect prostate cancer and better evaluate a patient's treatment options, according to American reseachers Thursday."This is a tool that men and their physician can use to help them decide whether it's appropriate to get a biopsy now or delay that decision," said lead researcher Dr. Scott Tomlins, a pathology resident at the University of Michigan Health System.The test looks for two genetic markers associated with prostate cancer. The first, called TMPRSS2:ERG, is caused by two genes changing places and fusing together; it is thought to cause prostate cancer. Since the gene fusion is only seen in about half of cancer patients, the test also looks for another marker, called PCA3."We are exploiting some new bio-markers to try to refine the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test," Tomlins said.

SINGAPORE, July 6 (Xinhua) -- A team of researchers in Singapore has designed a tube with special robotic hands that allows doctors to perform surgery on a patient's inner organs without resulting in scars, local media reported on Wednesday.The special "robotic hands" were fixed to the tube to access a patient's stomach. Compared with traditional methods which use only one robotic hand, the new device known as master and slave transluminal endoscopic robot, or MASTER, is more nimble, thereby allowing complex operations, the Lianhe Zaobao reported.Louis Phee, an associate professor at the Nanyang Technological University who led the team of researchers, had spent six years to develop the gadget, which cut an eight-hour procedure to just 17 minutes, said doctors at India's Asian Institute of Gastroenterology.The gadget, still in the trial stage, has been tested earlier this month on three patients at the Indian hospital. It is also expected to be tried out in Germany and China's Hong Kong later. The patients can leave the hospital much sooner than they would have using traditional gadgets.Phee said he expected the gadget to be available on the market as early as three years from now, after going through clinical trials and getting the approval from authorities.He also saw a potential for the gadget to be used on other organs by cutting a small spit on stomach that allows the gadget to go through to access the site.

WASHINGTON, July 8 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama on Friday hailed space shuttle Atlantis' final flight in NASA's shuttle program, saying Americans across the country watched with pride as America reached for the heavens once more.Obama expressed his "sincere gratitude" to Atlantis astronauts and space workers because they "helped our country lead the space age.""Today's launch may mark the final flight of the space shuttle, " Obama said in a statement. "But it propels us into the next era of our never-ending adventure to push the very frontiers of exploration and discovery in space."Friday's flight is the 33rd voyage for Atlantis. Its return to the earth later this month will mark the end of the 30-year shuttle program."What a truly awesome day today," said NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations Bill Gerstenmaier at the STS- 135 postlaunch news conference. "What you saw is the finest launch team and shuttle preparation teams in the world.""It truly was an awesome, spectacular launch," added Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana, who looked ahead to plans for future development beyond the shuttle program as space station operations continue.Atlantis will be the last shuttle to be retired. Discovery was first in March, followed by Endeavour at the beginning of June. Each shuttle will head to a museum.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.