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WASHINGTON, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Using the deepest X-ray image ever taken, astronomers found the first direct evidence that massive black holes were common in the early universe, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said Wednesday in a statement.The discovery from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that very young black holes grew more aggressively than previously thought, in tandem with the growth of their host galaxies.By pointing Chandra at a patch of sky for more than six weeks, astronomers obtained what is known as the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). When combined with very deep optical and infrared images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the new Chandra data allowed astronomers to search for black holes in 200 distant galaxies, from when the universe was between about 800 million to 950 million years old."Until now, we had no idea what the black holes in these early galaxies were doing, or if they even existed," said Ezequiel Treister of the University of Hawaii, lead author of the study to appear Thursday in journal Nature. "Now we know they are there, and they are growing like gangbusters."The super-sized growth means that the black holes in the CDFS are less extreme versions of quasars -- very luminous, rare objects powered by material falling onto supermassive black holes. However, the sources in the CDFS are about a hundred times fainter and the black holes are about a thousand times less massive than the ones in quasars.The observations found that between 30 and 100 percent of the distant galaxies contain growing supermassive black holes. Extrapolating these results from the small observed field to the full sky, there are at least 30 million supermassive black holes in the early universe. This is a factor of 10,000 larger than the estimated number of quasars in the early universe."It appears we've found a whole new population of baby black holes," said co-author Kevin Schawinski of Yale University. "We think these babies will grow by a factor of about a hundred or a thousand, eventually becoming like the giant black holes we see today almost 13 billion years later."

YANGON, July 10 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar is projecting to build the first-ever liver transplant hospital in line with the international standard, the local weekly Voice reported Sunday.With the technological help of the Changi General Hospital of Singapore, a 40-million-U.S dollar worth private hospital has started building since late last month.The hospital will offer services for the patients living with heart and kidney diseases and for protection from being affected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), the report said.In Myanmar, liver transplant will cost about 20 million Kyats ( 25,000 U.S. dollars), lesser than other countries, the report added.Myanmar experts carried out successful liver-transplant operation in 2004 for the first time and in 2009 for the second time.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Tuesday reported strong third fiscal quarter results that top analysts' expectations, citing strong iPhone and iPad sales.For its fiscal 2011 third quarter ended on June 25, Apple reported net income of 7.31 billion U.S. dollars or 7.79 dollars per share, compared with 3.25 billion dollars, or 3.51 dollars per share a year ago.Its revenue reached 28.57 billion dollars, compared with 15.7 billion dollars in the same period a year earlier. International sales accounted for 62 percent of the quarter's revenue.The average estimate is a profit of 5.84 dollars a share on revenue of 24.9 billion dollars.The Cupertino, Califronia-based company sold 20.34 million iPhones in the quarter, representing 142 percent unit growth over the year-ago quarter. It sold 9.25 million iPads in the third quarter, a 183 percent unit increase on a year-over-year basis.The only drawback is the sales of iPods, which had a 20 percent unit decline to 7.54 million from the year-ago quarter."We're thrilled to deliver our best quarter ever, with revenue up 82 percent and profits up 125 percent," Steve Jobs, Apple's chief executive officer, said in a statement."Right now, we're very focused and excited about bringing iOS 5 and iCloud to our users this Fall," added Job.It is the first time since 2008 that Apple's third-quarter earnings does not include the release of a new iPhone, which, slated for launch in September, is reportedly to be thinner and lighter with a faster chip and 8-megapixel camera.Apple has enjoyed double-digit year-over-year percentage revenue growth for the past four quarters. It had previously beaten the average earning projection for at least 29 straight quarters, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.For the fourth fiscal quarter of 2011, Apple's chief financial officer Peter Oppenheimer said the company expects revenue of 25 billion dollars and earnings per share of about 5.5 dollars. Apple has been known for its conservative projections of earnings.Apple has been operating without the daily attention of Jobs since the CEO took a medical leave this January. The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that some members of Apple's board have discussed CEO succession with executive recruiters and at least one head of a high-profile technology company.But the people familiar with the matter told the newspaper that it was more of an informal exploration of the company's options and don't appear to have been acting on behalf of the full board.Meanwhile, Apple has recently been busy with a number of legal battles over patent rights with HTC, Eastman Kodak and Samsung.Last week, the U.S. International Trade Commission made an initial ruling that HTC infringed two of Apple's phone patents in its smartphones powered by Google's Android operating system.If upheld, the ruling could let Apple force other Android phone makers to pay significant patent fees.On Tuesday, Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt said at a conference in Tokyo that Apple's smartphone lawsuits are inspired by jealousy and a lack of innovation in iPhone, noting Google would support HTC's fight against Apple and was confident of a win.

PARIS, June 19 (Xinhua) -- Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. (Comac) on Sunday set up its European office in Paris, the second overseas branch after its U.S. office, marking a new step for China's aviation industry in opening-up and international exchanges."The establishment of Comac Europe office is very significant. It represents the strategic cooperation between China and France and will deepen the two sides' collaboration in aerospace and all areas concerned," Chinese Ambassador Kong Quan said at an opening ceremony, citing Europe's influence in global aerospace industry and civil aviation market."Taking self-dependent innovation as the strategic cornerstone, Comac meanwhile actively conducts international cooperation and draws upon advanced technologies and experience in global civil aviation industry...," Comac President Jin Zhuanglong said.French Secretary of State for Transport Thierry Mariani (4th L), Chinese Ambassador to France Kong Quan (3rd L) and General Manager of the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC) Jin Zhuanglong (2nd R) attend the unveiling ceremony of COMAC Europe Office in Paris, France, June 19, 2011. The COMAC Europe Office was offically opened here Sunday.The Chinese aerospace manufacturer has built up cooperative relationship and partnership with dozens of enterprises and institutions in many countries and regions since its establishment in May 2008 in Shanghai.Regional jet ARJ21 and the trunkliner C919 are two flagship products of the young Chinese company. The group is now working to achieve certification and delivery of ARJ21-700 aircraft by the end of this year, Jin said.With regard to China's C919 trunkliner program, Jin said COMAC has signed cooperation agreements with 17 international companies in the United States and Europe, and has actively explored collaboration with GECAS, British Airways and Ryanair."In the context that the world economy is on recovery from the financial crisis, the civil aviation industry is facing great challenge. We are willing to keep close contact with all relevant public administrations and forge friendly relations and cooperation with overseas suppliers to contribute to the development of world civil aviation industry," Jin said.For the French State Secretary for Transport Thierry Marianne, who also attended the opening ceremony, the Chinese aviation market has great potential in the years to come, and China is estimated to need 3,000 new planes."We have understood that China had decided to build its own aerospace industry. It is a legitimate choice," Marianne said.A demo mock-up of the full-scale forward fuselage of C919 will be displayed during the 49th Paris Air Show on June 20-26, which will be the first time that the 1:1 demo mock-up is to be showcased at an international stage outside China, Jin told Xinhua.During the air show, Comac is going to sign agreements with an international airline and an airborne-system supplier and carry out a series of activities concerning international cooperation and exchanges, according to the group.

来源：资阳报