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WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- A ceremony with a bonfire and firecrackers was held Tuesday night in the new seat of a quake-leveled county in southwest China's Sichuan Province, prior to the Chinese Lunar New Year on Thursday.The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, is the most important Chinese holiday. It is a time for family reunions, gift giving and fireworks.It will be even merrier for the survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, who just moved into their new homes in the new town.The earthquake survivors are preparing for the first Spring Festival in their new homes.Xia Tianfeng of Beichuan County, Mianyang City, is sticking red paper decorations onto the windows of her new house for good luck in the New Year."We finally have our new house. Why wouldn't I be happy?" asked Xia.She and her family lived in a makeshift house for two years before moving into their new house one month ago.Dong Depa, 43, and his family moved into their new house in Yingxiu Town, the epicenter of the quake, five days ago."I can pay off the debt incurred to build the house in two years," said Dong, who spent only 30,000 yuan (4,541 U.S. dollars) for the house's construction and decoration, with the rest being shouldered by the government.Dong lost his two children in the quake but he and his wife have since had another child, a son."Last year, we spent the Spring Festival in the dormitory of the brick factory where I work as a cook. Now we can finally enjoy the festival in our own home," said Dong, unable to conceal his joy.Xia told Xinhua the ceremony for the new county seat was the real taste for a happy new year.Reconstruction has finished in the quake-hit zones in Sichuan, with most survivors now in their new houses.In Beichuan County alone, 96.5 percent of the survivors already have their new house.The new county seat is located in Yongchang Town, about 23 kilometers from the quake-leveled old one.The 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck southwest China on May 12, 2008, leaving about 80,000 people dead or missing.Waving goodbye to their temporary barracks, 7,397 households have been allocated new apartments, among which 3,504 households were former Beichuan residents, while others were from different Wenchuan earthquake-hits regions."The new apartment has already been simply decorated by the time I received the door key. With our new furniture, we can wait no longer to move into the home," said 45-year-old Xie Xinghe, a former resident of Beichuan.Including 50,000 yuan (about 7,575 U.S. dollars) in loans, Xie paid a preferential price of 79,600 yuan (about 12,000 U.S dollars) for the 100 square meter new apartment.Losing his only son in the earthquake, Xie and his wife adopted a one-year-old boy."It is the child who brings me new hope for the future," Xie said. Following the Lunar New Year celebration in his new home, Xie will try his best to work for some years to pay back the loan and save money to ensure a better education for his son."It is such magic to build a new town within three years, even so anywhere around the world. And we see it now," said Xu Zhenxi, director with the headquarter of new town program of Beichuan, which is supported by east China's Shandong Province.From May 25, 2009 to September 25, 2010, Shandong Province supported the new Beichuan county seat project, which was completed within 15 months.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) will vote on draft laws on vehicle and boat taxes at the end of its bimonthly sessions on Friday.The group is also expected to vote on protecting the nation's intangible cultural heritage and a draft amendment to the Criminal Law.The Chairperson's Council of the NPC Standing Committee adopted the decision at a Thursday meeting presided over by NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo.The three drafts will undergo further deliberation and revision based upon the opinion of the members of the NPC Standing Committee before the laws are put to a vote.Under the draft law on vehicle and vessel taxes, there will be a reduction in taxes for vehicles with engines smaller than 2.0 liters, which accounts for 87 percent of China's cars. Vehicle owners would also be required to submit tax certificates in order to qualify for a road-worthiness certificate.

CANBERRA, May 27 (Xinhua) -- An Australian student has discovered a part of the universe that astrophysicists have spent decades trying to find, Australia's Monash University on Friday confirmed in a statement.Astrophysicists have long thought the universe has a greater mass than is visible in the planets, but they had no way of proving it is there.Undergraduate student Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, 22, was on a summer internship at Monash University to learn more about astrophysics, when she managed to solve one of the big mysteries of science.Fraser-McKelvie, an aerospace engineering student, conducted a targeted X-ray search for the matter and found evidence of it within three months.Her tutor, Kevin Pimbblet, said the discovery is significant."We've been looking for this ordinary matter for a couple of decades," he said in a statement on Friday."It's been published in one of the most prestigious journals in the world, so astronomers all over the world will be able to read this article."Scientists had thought the matter would have a temperature of about 1 million degrees Celsius, 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit, and should therefore be observable at X-ray wavelengths.Amelia Fraser-McKelvie's discovery has proved that prediction is correct, Pimbblet said.The trio published a research paper on the missing mass in one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific journals, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.He said the discovery could change the way telescopes are built.