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As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. A migrant worker walks past a row of new property buildings in Beijing April 4, 2007. As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. [Reuters]The policy requires migrants to get temporary permits, or the much harder to obtain hukou, once they move to the city. These days, a growing number of those who relocate to find better jobs in Beijing tend to stay longer or even resettle with their entire families, according to a study by the Renmin University of China. The investigation revealed that this "floating population" in Beijing, currently at 3.57 million, stays an average of 4.8 years in the city. In addition, over 51 percent of those remain for more than five years while over 41 percent bring the whole family. "It is getting trendier for them to come and reside with the whole family," said Zhai Zhenwu, dean of the School of Social and Population Science. Representing 23 percent of local residents, most migrants live in the nearby suburban areas and villages within downtown. The thriving low-skilled labor market in Beijing has been a major source of jobs for unskilled migrants. Zhai said the most basic jobs in the city offer higher wages that far exceed what migrants would have earned in rural areas. But city life also means a poor quality of life and inadequate social services. For example, statistics show that the urban per capita disposable income in Beijing is five times more than the average in rural areas of neighboring Hebei Province and 6.7 times more than that in Anhui Province. China's hukou system, established in the 1950s, divided the Chinese into two categories: rural and non-rural households. The policy was established to control population migration, largely from rural to urban areas. Under the policy, rural people are not granted social security in cities and are restricted from receiving public services such as education, medical care, housing and employment. On the other hand, their urban compatriots have no access to farmland in the countryside. For years, non-rural residency, especially in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, has been a difficult goal for outsiders, particularly rural migrant workers. According to Zhang Chewei, vice-president of the Research Institute of Population Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, the system needs work. He referred to the "unfair treatment in social recourses and justice, also it hinders market development in both rural and urban areas." For example, each migrant worker must fork over 20,000 to 30,000 yuan (,597 to ,896) for a child to enrol in a local primary or middle school. And they're often turned down if they try to buy affordable homes in urban areas. It is estimated that more than 120 million rural workers live in cities throughout China. "Hukou has played a significant role as basic data provider and identification registration in certain historical periods, but it has become neither scientific nor rational," Zhang said. Reform of the hukou system began in 1992, but the policy remains complicated and unfair for many. Last month, the Ministry of Public Security said the country will reform the system, but did not offer any details. Yu Lingyun, a professor with the Law School of Tsinghua University, called for the system to be abolished. "It is not hukou that has robbed the social welfare of the 'floating population,' but the discriminating system itself, and most fundamentally the limited public finance," Yu told China Daily yesterday. "If not for the hukou system, schools can find other reasons to decline a rural student," he said. "Under current conditions, at least we should not bear any prejudice against them," he said.  

BEIJING - Chinese share prices rebounded by 1.88 percent on Tuesday with the Shanghai Composite Index, which covers both A and B shares, closing at 5,285.45 points at the end of morning session.The Shenzhen Component Index on the smaller bourse ended at 17,213.70  points, up 0.87 percent.The rise came after a fund has been approved to open for additional subscriptions late this week, which is believed to be a new signal from the government to back up the stock market.On November 4, China's Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) issued a notice ordering fund firms not to expand the promised scale of their funds within six months.Heavy weights drove up the share prices. Sinopec went up by 6.58 percent while the new market heavy weight PetroChina by 2.88 percent. China Shenhua rose by 2.36 percent.Steel shares also jumped, with Baosteel, the nation's biggest steel producer, rising 4.10 percent to 15.75 yuan, and with Anyang steel up by 9.39 percent to 10.25 yuan.On Monday, the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index dropped 2.4 percent, or 127.81 points, to close at 5,187.73 points, after falling to as low as 5,032.58 points in intra-day trading.Last week, the Shanghai Composite Index fell 8 percent to 5,315.54, the biggest weekly loss during the past nine years.

The newly approved Labor Contract Law will not undermine the investment environment although it will better protect workers' interests and rights, China's top trade union body said yesterday. Liu Jichen, director of the law department at the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, denied that the law - which goes into force from January 1 next year - is biased toward employees. "It not only protects workers' interests and rights, but also equally protects employers'," he told a press conference. The law, passed on Friday by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the top legislature, had raised concerns that stricter contract requirements could raise business costs and give companies less flexibility to hire and fire employees. Liu, however, said that the law takes into account employers' interests. For example, he said, employers can sign non-competition contracts with workers, with a non-competition period of not more than two years to encourage innovation and ensure fair competition. So an employer can rest assured that an employee does not walk out at the end of the contract period and join a direct competitor. It also softens the terms under which employers can cut staff - if an enterprise switches to other production, adopts a major technological innovation or changes its mode of business. Liu stressed that the law will help create a harmonious labor relationship. "Labor protection is a worldwide trend," he said. "With working conditions improved and rights protected, employees will feel more secure, which leads to a higher productivity." Liu pointed out most labor disputes result from violations of workers' rights. Because of the huge supply of labor force, workers are in a disadvantaged position, he said. Liu said the federation has succeeded in keeping most of the items on protecting workers' rights and interests in the law. For example, the law makes mandatory the use of written contracts and strongly discourages fixed- or short-term contracts. It also stipulates severance be paid if a fixed-term contract expires but is not renewed without an appropriate reason. The law requires all employers to submit proposed workplace rules or changes for discussion to the workers' congress - concerning pay, work allotment, hours, insurance, safety, holidays and training. Employers and trade unions will then jointly decide on workplace agreements. It stipulates trade unions have the right to sign collective contracts with employers on behalf of workers. In a position paper released yesterday, the European Chamber of Commerce in China said it welcomes the law and its aim of improving labor conditions and creating workplace harmony. "A more mature legal environment should be considered as an advantage in attracting foreign investment," the statement said. However, the chamber said the key challenge remains compliance by employers and the enforcement by authorities of the existing laws.

HAICHENG, Liaoning: The death toll has risen to 10 following the collapse on Sunday of a dam at an iron mine in Liaoning Province, after rescuers retrieved four more bodies Monday.Rescuers search the missing after the collapse of a dam at an iron mine in Shiqiaozi village of Haicheng, Northeast China's Liaoning Province November 26, 2007. Ten, including a child, has been confirmed dead and another three are still missing. [Xinhua]Zhang Xingdong, vice-mayor of Haicheng and head of the rescue team, said the bodies, including one of a child, were buried deep in silt.He said about 750 people, including soldiers, armed police, local officials and villagers, were continuing to search for three people still missing after the dam collapsed in the village of Shiqiaozi in the city's Ganquan township.More than 30 dredgers have also been employed to help clear the silt, he said."To ensure the safety of rescuers, we have sent experts to closely monitor four other iron tailings dams nearby to guard against possible further accidents," Zhang said.The four dams have a registered capacity of about 1 million cu m of waste ore each.The power supply has yet to be turned back on in Xiangyang, which is one of two low-lying villages hit by a large volume of mud-like debris after the collapse, he said.The debris smothered homes, suffocating and crushing those inside, he said.A further 17 people were injured in the accident and are now in hospital. One is in a critical condition, while three others were also seriously hurt.Doctors have said they are expected to pull through, however.The local government has set up its rescue headquarters at the primary school in Xiangyang village. It has also provided candles, quilts, clothes and food to villagers made homeless.Some were housed overnight in a local school, while others stayed with relatives.Xiangyang, which has a population of about 980, was the worst-hit by the debris, with 33 houses destroyed.The collapse also affected the village of Caijia, which is home to some 500 people. No casualties have been reported there, but there have been reports of severe damage to houses, vehicles and grain fields.The 100-m-long by more than 10-m-high dam was situated on a hillside. A crack more than 10 m long appeared in it and a river of waste ore and mud some 80 m wide spilled down across cropland.With a capacity of 150,000 cu m, the dam, which belongs to the Dingyang Mining Co Ltd, an iron ore producer, was designed to contain waste ore. However, over recent years, a large quantity of water had built up inside it, Zhang said.The mining company is a subsidiary of the privately run Xiyang Corporation, a magnesium refractory products and fertilizer producer based in Liaoning.Xinhua

Yichang - Construction of a tunnel under the Yangtze River that will form part of a gas pipeline project running from Sichuan Province to Shanghai was completed Monday.The 1.4-km, 3.08-m diameter tunnel sits 20 m beneath the riverbed and connects two wells on either side of the river in Yichang city, Hubei Province, Liu Juzheng, head of the Hubei section of the pipeline, said.With a total length of 2,203 km, the pipeline will serve as an "energy artery" as part of the West-East gas project, Liu said.The pipeline is expected to channel 12.1 billion cu m of natural gas a year from the Puguang field in Sichuan to central and eastern regions of the country, including Chongqing Municipality, the provinces of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Shanghai Municipality.The tunnel, which took 325 days to complete, is the first of five to be built under the Yangtze.Industry experts say the new pipeline, which will cost 62.7 billion yuan (.4 billion) to build, will provide an opportunity to develop western regions based on their rich natural resources.Chen Deming, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said the pipeline will be completed in late 2010 and the gas it transports will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by tens of millions of tons a year.Figures from the China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) put Puguang's proven reserves at 356.1 billion cu m. The country has total proven natural gas reserves of about 2.66 trillion cu m.The government has been promoting the use of natural gas to improve energy efficiency and reduce air pollution.Under an NDRC proposal on natural gas development, the government plans to increase the natural gas pipeline network to 44,000 km by 2010 to meet demand.Although China's natural gas output will reach 94 billion cu m in 2010, up from 58.6 billion in 2006, an additional 16 billion cu m a year will still have to be imported to meet demand, Sinopec said.In Shanghai, demand for natural gas soared from 4 million cu m in 2003 to 1.9 billion in 2005.In 2004, China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) opened its West-East gas pipeline, which runs more than 4,000 km and channels 1.2 billion cu m of gas a year to Shanghai from the Tarim Basin in the country's westernmost region of Xinjiang.CNPC is to build a second West-East pipeline to carry gas imported from central Asia to the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas. Construction will begin next year with the line, which is designed to carry 30 billion cu m a year, becoming operational in 2010.

来源：资阳报