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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao sent a message to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera on Friday to congratulate the founding of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).In his message, Hu said that the establishment of CELAC is a major milestone in regional integration and that China appreciates the positive role of Latin American and Caribbean countries in international and regional affairs.China believes that the establishment of the community will make important contributions to unity and coordination in the region as well as joint efforts to counter global challenges, Hu said.China and Latin America are geographically apart, but their peoples enjoy traditional friendship, Hu said.In the 21st century, relations between China and Latin America have seen all-round and fast development with the expansion of mutually beneficial cooperation, Hu said.China has always treated its relations with Latin America from a strategic perspective and China is willing to work with CELAC and other countries in the region to build and develop a comprehensive cooperative partnership of mutual benefit and common development through the strengthening of dialogue, communication and cooperation, said Hu.The idea of CELAC was initiated in February 2010 at a regional summit in the Mexican resort of Cancun. The new grouping represents all countries in the Americas except Canada and the United States.

BEIJING, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- Police from China and Angola have jointly busted a criminal gang that kidnapped Chinese females and forced them into prostitution in Angola, according to China's Ministry of Public Security on Tuesday.Police rescued 19 Chinese females during the operation on Oct. 25, when 11 suspects were arrested in Angola and five were caught in China, according to a statement from the ministry.Those female victims and suspects have been transferred back to China, said the statement.In order to boost international cooperation against human trafficking, China had ratified the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in February 2010.Moreover, Chinese police have entered into cooperation agreements with more than 50 countries, which contain anti-human trafficking terms.

BEIJING, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China issued rules for pilot programs of RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (RQFII) on Friday, formally giving a green light to investment of overseas RMB funds in mainland securities markets.The move is expected to widen the investment channel of overseas RMB funds and add new momentum to the country's bid to make the RMB an international currency.Hong Kong subsidiaries of fund management companies and securities firms can use RMB funds raised in Hong Kong to invest in mainland securities within a permitted quota, according to the rules jointly released by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), the People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.The total investment quota of RQFII pilot programs is set at around 20 billion yuan (3.15 billion U.S. dollars), according to the rules.To control risks, qualified investors should invest no less than 80 percent of the RMB funds they raised in fixed-income securities, while investment in stocks and equity funds should account for no more than 20 percent.The CSRC will join other related departments to study the possibility of further expanding the trial program after its launch, said a CSRC official who declined to be identified.The launch of the RQFII will open another significant channel for overseas RMB funds to flow back into the country, said the CSRC official.It will also help diversify investment products for overseas RMB funds and facilitate off-shore RMB business, the official said.The RMB is not fully convertible under the capital account but China has stepped up efforts to make the currency more international over the past few years.The government has encouraged the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment settlement and approved foreign direct investment in overseas RMB funds obtained overseas.It also allowed Hong Kong to establish an offshore yuan market and has expanded trade settlement agreements and currency swaps to create more channels for the yuan to circulate outside the mainland.

来源：资阳报