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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- In a school year where parents and teachers have had to adjust over and over again, teachers are sharing their stories of hope and gratitude with ABC 10News.Dawn Harrison teachers her first grade students virtually from her classroom in the Chula Vista Elementary School District. She hopes one day, she won’t be alone in her class.“I would much prefer to be face to face with my kids and be able to get the hugs… be able to pat their little back or hold their hands,” Harrison said.She knows that is not a reality right now, but thinks about what she is grateful for. She looks forward to monthly distribution days, where she will see colleagues and students for a brief moment when they pick up materials. She is thankful for parents, as she knows this has been difficult for everyone.“They take into consideration my thoughts and feelings, too,” Harrison said. “The parents that have shared with me, they’ve been very thoughtful of taking everybody’s perspective and situations at home.”Harrison has also found an even greater love for another teacher— her husband.“The way he engages [his students], the experiences he’s able to provide for them, it gives me a new appreciation for him,” she said of her husband Rick Meads, a teacher at Eastlake High School.Meads sang his wife’s praises as well. “I’m telling you, the amount of energy that she has to expend for first graders is a whole lot different than what I have to do,” he said. “I don’t know how she does it, but she’s amazing.”Meads is grateful that he is still able to teach, although it is in a format that is new for many educators.“I’m really thankful that we are able to have this opportunity to do this online. If you think about this ten years ago, it would have never happened,” Meads said. ‘I’m not sure what we would have done.”During the summer, elementary school teacher Kelly Martin told ABC 10News that someone described the current situation as a “corona coaster.”With many still on this “corona coaster,” Martin is thankful for her students. “I’m so appreciative of that hard work because three months of this is getting a little draining on some of them,” she said. “I just look forward to finding ways to keep connecting with the students.”As she looks ahead to a new year, Martin said she hopes to “keep it fresh and keep it new, so that the monotony of online learning doesn't drag us down.” 2402

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local high school students who are trying to take the ACT college admissions exam say that their test dates keep getting canceled because of the pandemic. ABC10 News discovered that some frustrated students are planning to drive or fly to other cities to take the exam in time for college applications.“It's just been a very unsure time,” said Betsy Mains on Wednesday. Her daughter, Chelsea, is already feeling the stress of starting her senior year at University City High School through a remote learning program. Mains said that’s now compounded by fears associated with getting her ACT test done in time to apply for college. “These tests are required for a lot of the applications and a lot of the scholarships,” she added.“The communication's just been very poor. They've had to cancel tests. They didn't tell folks they were canceled. Their website crashed,” Michael Coleman told ABC10 News on Wednesday. His daughter, Sam, is about to be a senior at Canyon Crest Academy.She’s facing a similar challenge. Both students' families say their ACT tests have been canceled and rescheduled multiple times because of a lack of testing sites.“The first thing that I could find that was remotely possible for her was in December here in San Diego. That’s problematic because the college application process starts before then,” said Coleman. He told ABC10 News that parents have been looking for test sites in other cities.“I started putting in different zip codes to see if I could find something somewhere else. I eventually did get one in San Bernardino,” said Mains. “I found something in the Magic Mountain area a little sooner than December,” added Coleman.On Wednesday, the ACT sent ABC10 News the following information:Summer testing:In general, COVID-19 severely impacted testing centers’ capacity for spring and summer test dates. We rescheduled our planned April test date to June, and due to the demand and adherence to local and public health guidelines and social distancing requirements, the June and July test dates operated at limited capacity (i.e. limited seats for test-takers). Our teams performed a massive manual outreach campaign to thousands of test site administrators to better understand which sites were open and prepared to administer the test in a COVID-19 environment in line with local public health guidelines, knowing that conditions could change quickly in certain locations where the virus was surging.Our top priority is to provide testing opportunities for all who wish to pursue a path to college and career. We were able to provide makeup tests in certain locations for those impacted by last-minute cancellations and have added additional test dates [leadershipblog.act.org] to our regular national testing schedule this fall. COVID-19 has created many challenges for large-scale testing.We’re working to accommodate the demand and serve our customers, while acknowledging that seat and site capacity is subject to change, due to the changing nature of COVID-19. We’re in the process of adding additional seats to MyACT and encourage students to check back this week as seats in sites across the nation are added.MyACTWe know students are in need of scores and we are working hard to accommodate the extreme demand for seats in this unknown environment. We experienced some site degradation on Monday, July 27 due to high user volume and took MyACT down to improve system performance. We reopened the site this Monday, August 3 after automatically registering many class of 2020 and 2021 seniors impacted by summer test cancellations for our September national test dates.What we're doing for seniors + adding capacity:The majority of registered test-takers for June and July test dates were class of 2021 seniors. To help those rising seniors—impacted by summer test date cancellations and closures—meet their scholarship and application deadlines, we’re working to provide an accelerated fall registration experience. To the best of our ability, class of 2020 and 2021 seniors impacted by April, June and July cancellations have been placed in seats at sites that are currently open. Some of these students could not be automatically registered for fall test dates but we are doing everything we can to secure additional space for students who will need more options.In addition to the changes we’ve already made to add more capacity (opening up our Sunday testing to all students and adding new test dates [leadershipblog.act.org] in September and October), here are a few more examples of what we’re working on:? Pop-up sites in areas most affected by cancellations.? Partnering with commercial testing companies to share their already-existing space within communities.? Working with state Boards of Regents, colleges, and universities to help them administer “On-Campus Testing” for their students.? Working with school districts to help them become an ACT test site for their students (these are called unlisted test centers and are not available on MyACT. 5032

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Like so many businesses throughout San Diego County, businesses along the border in San Ysidro are also preparing to scale back operations because of the state's COVID-19 purple tier.Businesses in the border region have already seen a significant decline in business because of international travel restrictions currently in place. Since March, the border has been closed to all tourist travel, only open for essential needs, like going to work or getting medical care. Tuetano Taqueria is one of the businesses affected. Just blocks from the border, its owners are doing everything it can to stay open. The trendy taco shop is run by Fernando Covarrubias and his wife, Chef Priscilla Curiel. During the initial stay-at-home order, the couple had to lay off their employees and run the business themselves. The taqueria was recently honored, making the Michelin Guide, famous for it's tacos served with the option of bone marrow on the side. Now, the owners are getting ready to scale back to takeout orders because of the purple tier restrictions. According to the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce, from March to July, roughly 100 businesses closed permanently. Jason Wells, the chamber's executive director, said the border travel restrictions are devastating the region. Wells said all businesses in the area are hurting, but retail has taken the biggest hit. According to Wells, about 95% of customers in the area are from Mexico.Wells explained that most of the businesses along the border make their biggest profits during the holidays, and the state's purple tier isn't helping. If the border travel restrictions continue, Wells thinks more businesses will not survive. Covarrubias and his wife are hoping people will follow the health guidelines so COVID-19 case rates go down and business can get back to full operation. Despite their struggles, the couple is working on opening a second business in National City, called Mujer Divina, a coffee shop that will also serve burritos. Purple tier restrictions take effect Saturday at midnight. Border travel restrictions are in place until Nov. 21, but could be extended. 2153

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - In a few days, the San Diego Air & Space Museum will become the first museum in Balboa Park to reopen amid the pandemic."Very, very anxious to get back to business ... We are ready to go," said Jim Kidrick, President of the San Diego Air & Space Museum.Among the precautions: masks, social distancing, and fewer people. The museum will be at operating at 30% visitor capacity. You'll see hand sanitizer everywhere and a lot of plexiglass when interacting with staff."We want to make sure guests not just visually feel good, but also feel good as they experience the Air & Space Museum," said Kidrick.One of the big challenges for any museum will be visitor interactions with exhibits and touchscreens. Here, each visitor will be handed a stylus pen."Any moment with interactivity where they would normally push with their finger, they can push with their stylus," said Kidrick.One precaution visitors won't see will happen at the staff entrance. Employees will be funneled toward a mounted, state-of-the-art thermal imaging scanner."You walk up to it and frames your face. It takes a temperature and gives you a pass or fail," said Kidrick.The museum opens its doors at 10 a.m. on Friday, the first day museums, zoos, and other entertainment businesses can reopen in California. 1317

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