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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — California voters are right to think they already weighed in on how big cages should be for egg-laying hens.In 2008, voters ushered in Proposition 2, which sought to free egg-laying hens from tiny cages. It didn't outlaw cages but barred California farmers from keeping hens — as well as calves raised for veal and breeding pigs — in pens so small they virtually couldn't move.Since then, supermarket shelves have filled with cage-free egg varieties. Corporations like McDonald's, Costco and Taco Bell have committed to using cage-free products.RELATED: Proposed California initiative seeks to end high-speed railBut a decade later, voters are being asked to revisit the issue with Proposition 12, the Farm Animal Confinement Initiative.The Humane Society of the United States, the issue's primary proponent, says the measure is needed to update California standards and to apply those standards to out-of-state farmers selling their products in California. The earlier initiative simply stated the three types of animals must be able to turn around freely, stand up and fully extend their limbs — but set no specifics.A "yes" vote for Proposition 12 would create new minimum size requirements for confinement pens for all three animals and require that all egg-laying hens be cage-free by 2022.It would also ban the sales from other states not meeting California's standards.RELATED: No vote coming in 2018, but measure to expand convention center qualifies for ballotThe Humane Society calls the measure a "commonsense reform" that strengthens a decade-old animal cruelty law and gives farmers a phase-in time to shift to more humane practices."Most of the eggs sold in California come from birds confined in cages where it's hard for them to even move. They have to eat, sleep, defecate and lay eggs in the same small space every day for their entire life," said Josh Balk, vice president at the Humane Society of the United States. "Proposition 12 ensures that the pork sold in California, the veal sold in California and the eggs sold in the state come from (animals) not confined in cages."Specifically, the measure would require, starting in 2020, a calf confined for production to have at least 43 square feet (4 square meters) of floor space to roam in, while each pig would have to be given 24 square feet (2.2 square meters) of floor space starting in 2022.RELATED: California gas tax repeal qualifies for November ballotEgg-laying hens, starting in 2020, must be given 1 square foot (0.1 square meter) of floor space each, and have to be cage-free by 2022, according to Proposition 12.According to findings of the state's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office, the measure would likely result in an increase in prices for eggs, pork and veal partly because farmers would have to remodel or build new housing for animals."Changes in housing systems, which come with significant costs that increase food prices, should be driven by consumer purchasing decisions, not the agenda of any activist group," Jim Monroe, National Pork Producers Council spokesman, told the Los Angeles Times.RELATED: Private DMV office provides services to California lawmakersThe Association of California Egg Farmers also opposes the measure, saying the expedited timeline could lead to supply disruptions, price spikes and a shortage of eggs for sale.The Legislative Analyst's Office concluded that if approved, the measure could cost the state as much as million a year to enforce, and millions of dollars more per year in lost tax revenues from farm businesses that choose to stop or reduce production because of higher costs.Other opponents of Proposition 12 say it doesn't go far enough to stop animal cruelty.Bradley Miller, a spokesman for Californians against Cruelty, Cages and Fraud, which is leading a "No on Proposition 12" campaign, says the measure is misleading because the phase-in period implicitly makes cages legal until at least 2022."We're opposed to legalizing cages in our state," said Miller, who is also president of the Humane Farming Association. "These are ever-changing, never-arriving deadlines." 4160

SAN DIEGO, Calif. — For months, we’ve seen face masks in places they shouldn’t be: storm drains, streets, beaches, and parks.Now, we’re learning just how many could be flooding our oceans.“Once plastic enters the marine environment, it’s very difficult to move," said Dr. Teale Phelps Bondaroff, director of research for OceansAsia. The marine conservation group has been tracking the number of face masks washing up on a remote island south of Hong Kong since the pandemic started. “About six weeks after COVID hit Hong Kong, so late February, we began finding masks, and lots of masks," said Bondaroff. “What’s remarkable is we weren’t finding face masks before COVID.”Masks are made with polypropylene, which Bondaroff describes as thin fibers of plastic."The fact that we are starting to find masks that are breaking up indicates that this is a real problem, that microplastics are being produced by masks," he said.These tiny pieces of plastic can remain in the ocean for hundreds of years, threatening fish and even polluting the air.“The question that we couldn’t answer was how many are entering our oceans? We just didn’t know," said Dr. Bondaroff. OceansAsia launched a study to find the answer and recently shared its findings. Of the estimated 52 billion masks manufactured globally in 2020, it's believed 1.56 billion will enter our oceans this year, resulting in an additional 4,680 to 6,240 metric tonnes of marine plastic pollutionBondaroff says the report used a conservative loss rate of 3 percent, and the average weight of 3 to 4 grams for a single-use polypropylene surgical face mask, to arrive at the estimate.“The 1.56 billion face masks that have entered our oceans in 2020 are there for the long run. They will remain in the ocean for 450 years or more, and they’ll break into smaller pieces.”The report notes global sales of face masks surged from around 0 million in 2019 to 6 billion in 2020.“That’s important, we need to keep people safe, but at the same time that has a lasting impact on our environment, and we’re seeing that on the beaches," said Bondaroff. And he says, unfortunately, this problem makes up only a small fraction of the plastic pollution invading our oceans.The report asks people to wear reusable masks whenever possible, dispose of masks responsibly and reduce their overall consumption of single-use plastic. It also calls on governments to:Implement policies designed to encourage the use of reusable masks, such as releasing guidelines regarding the proper manufacture and use of reusable masks.Foster innovation and the development of sustainable alternatives to single-use plastic masks.Discourage littering by increasing fines, and educate the public about responsible ways to dispose of masks.Repair and improve waste management systems to reduce losses and spillage. 2840

SAN DIEGO, Calif. (KGTV) - UC San Diego is a pilot school for an exposure notification system that alerts users if they’ve come in contact with someone who tests positive for COVID-19. It’s a partnership with the state of California and officially launched on campus Thursday.The system uses smartphone technology to anonymously tell people they may have been exposed. It does not track locations and is completely anonymous. It starts working when a person downloads the system on their phone and enables notifications. It then records proximity to other devices that also have the program downloaded. If two phones come in contact with each other for more than about 15 minutes and are closer than around six feet, it takes note of that. Then, if a person tests positive later, they can go in the program and click a button saying they tested positive, and their system sifts through all the devices that previously had extended exposure, sending those users alerts about the possible exposure.Doctor Christopher Longhurst, Chief Information Officer and Associate Chief Medical Officer for UCSD Health said the biggest factor that will impact effectiveness is the number of users.“We’d like to see 75% of that community or more adopting. Modeling done by Oxford and other universities has shown that if we can get over 50% adoption in a population, you can actually help to end outbreaks,” said Doctor Longhurst.As of Friday, about one day into the official launch, the school said 7,985 people had signed up. The school could confirm there are about 10,500 students living on campus, but was not able to share how many faculty and staff are on campus.For instructions on how to download, click here. 1710

SAN DIEGO (KGTV)- Assembly Bill 5 (AB 5) may pose a new threat in plans for at-home learning this fall.AB 5 was created to help turn some gig workers, or freelancers turn into employees with benefits.The bill has been met with controversy as it has impacted thousands of freelance workers across California, and now it could change how tutors can be hired.“Many parents are scrambling right now to find out how do they help their children keep pace,” said Carl DeMaio, Chairman of Reform California.DeMaio held a press conference in Escondido with a group of parents, teachers, and education advocates by his side, calling for California Gov. Gavin Newsom to suspend AB 5.“This is absurd that the governor is allowing an environment where parents have to run the risk for violating AB 5, a state law, facing penalties and fines for doing so, just because they’re trying to help their children learn,” he said.DeMaio said parents who want a tutor for their child during this challenging time might be required to hire them as employees, not independent contractors.He has created an online petition and urges people to sign it before it’s sent to the governor.Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez authored AB 5 and sent the following statement to ABC 10News in response to DeMaio’s press conference. 1299

SAN DIEGO, California — With recreational marijuana now legal in California, doctors are warning parents to be extra vigilant when checking their kids' candy on Halloween. They worry that the kids may confuse edibles for candy."There's going to be candy all over the house," says Dr. James Elia from Sharp Grossmont Hospital. "If there are edibles that are in the household and are forgotten to put away, kids may be able to get into them as well."State law allows edibles but has strict guidelines for how much THC can be in them. A package can't contain more than 100 milligrams, and each piece can't have more than 10.Marijuana vendors say new rules also make it harder for the edibles to be confused for candy."You cannot use the word candy and animals cannot be in the shape of certain animals and images that might be attractive to children," says Kyle Dukes from Torrey Holistics. He also noted that state law doesn't allow the edibles to be in any shape the State Bureau of Cannabis Control deems "attractive to children." Specifically, they can't be shaped like fruit, animals or lollipops.Packaging for marijuana-infused food must also be child resistant and clearly labeled.Dr. Elia recommends keeping edibles locked away, similar to the way people treat medicine they don't want kids to get. He says the side effects of THC on children could be devastating."They could experience alteration of mental status, sometimes hallucinations, severe anxiety, severe paranoia," he says. "With children, it's also noted shortness of breath."Elia also says parents should be extra vigilant when checking their kids' trick-or-treat candy, to make sure an edible didn't wind up in their collection."We all have to be concerned about this," he says. "We all have to raise the level of suspicion." 1812

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