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NEW YORK — There are 50.7 million children in school in the United States, and the majority of them are non-white, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Still, because of a centuries-long history of white dominance in American culture, as well as the outsize influence of certain states over American education overall, the takeaway for many students is overly simple, and dangerously racist, according to some prominent historians.In fact, "The Story of the White Man," is not only a longstanding narrative in U.S. history texts, but they're also the first six words of a widely-used history textbook from the 1930s, according to Harvard University historian Donald Yacovone.Yacovone came across it as part of his research for his upcoming book, "Teaching White Supremacy: The Textbook Battle Over Race in American History." The professor at Harvard's Hutchins Center for African & African American Study and Research ended up reading some 3,000 textbooks from the 1830s to the 1980s as part of his research.He said that at least one thing was evident throughout his readings."If you leave people out of a narrative, they suddenly become invisible," Yacovone said.People of African descent, Yacovone said, have been largely left out of historical narratives for much of U.S. history.Even as recently as 2015, a high school textbook's omission of key details about African American history cast light on a shortcoming of history writing.A mother in Texas, Roni Burren, posted a video on Facebook of her reading a caption from a map in her son's 10th-grade textbook."Under this section, called 'Patterns of Immigration,'" Burren said while holding the book, "World Geography," to the camera, and reading from the text, "'The Atlantic slave trade from the 1500s to the 1800s brought millions of workers from Africa to the southern United States to work on agricultural plantations.' So it is now considered immigration," Burren said, clearly appalled.The video was viewed millions of times, and ultimately publisher McGraw Hill made a very public apology and revised the text.However, oversights like that, in a country where a majority of people only get a kindergarten through 12th-grade education, inform a strong message that most Americans receive about our country, according to Yacavone. "That whiteness is what matters," he said.One reason for that may be the process in which textbooks, and lesson plans connected to them, are created and distributed.Major publishers, such as McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, all have highly-promoted policies of countering racism and promoting diversity.That still doesn't mean that there can't be shortcomings, as the "World Geography" case makes clear.It's also part of a larger challenge involving inclusiveness and accuracy in school textbooks, as Carisa Lopez, political director of the Texas Freedom Network, an advocacy organization for education and other issues in the Lone Star State, explained."Because Texas is such a large state," she said in an interview, "other, smaller states are forced to purchase textbooks that have to adhere to Texas standards."Texas and California have more K through 12 students than any other U.S. states. California's state textbook curricula standards tend to be more focused on California-specific history and subjects.Texas's standards, by contrast, tend to be more general. However, the state board of education, which approves or disapproves textbook content, is not made up exclusively of educators. Politicians, religious leaders, and others have served.As a result, said Lopez, "Too often what students learn is based on distortions, myths and just plain politics and personal biases."Another issue is instruction."They're still relegating history classes to gym teachers," Yacovone said.Some research bears that out. Analysis by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences found that of all school subjects, history has the highest rate of teachers who didn't major or get certified in it.Martha S. Jones, a historian at Johns Hopkins University, said that when it comes to issues like slavery, Jim Crow, and other topics involving African American history, "The number one question I get is, 'why didn't I learn this in school?'"Jones is among many scholars of African-American history who say that white supremacy is built into American education.A historical look here in New York supports their claim.Among the earliest American textbook writers was Noah Webster. The contemporary of the founding fathers published the new nation's first daily newspaper, from his office on Wall Street.Webster is certainly most famous for publishing Webster's Dictionary.Through it, and a spelling book that he published, Webster invented American English, differentiated from how British subjects speak and spell the language.As for his attitude toward people of African descent, Webster was clear, and his point of view influenced his textbooks as strongly as he influenced American culture."'For the woolly-haired Africans, who constitute the principal part of the inhabitants of Africa, there is no history,'" Webster said, as quoted by Yacovone."And that attitude," Yacovone continued, "was perpetuated in almost every single textbook, until the 1960s."One reason that it persisted, was a New Yorker named John Van Evrie, Yacovone said."I call him an evil genius of white supremacy," Yacovone said.From his office across the street from City Hall, Van Evrie published newspapers, pamphlets, books -- including a textbook -- all specifically arguing that Americans aren't black. Instead, Van Evrie wrote, America is white.It united the various European ethnic groups that comprised the majority of the American population in the 1800s, and in the process, it put African Americans in a position of non-citizenship in the eyes of many whites."His books were read in Congress," said Yacovone. "His books were read in state legislatures. It was impossible to escape him. Even Lincoln read Van Evrie."His work formed the foundation that American education and culture are built on, even though it's a false narrative."We must change our identity as Americans as white," Yacovone said. "We must change that to one of being multi-ethnic. It's much better."Martha S. Jones, the Johns Hopkins historian, supported that assessment."The example I'll offer," she said, "is that of our new Vice President-elect Kamala Harris.""We need to understand the history out of which she has emerged --- African American women's political history, the history of the discrimination against African American women in politics, and when it comes to voting rights," Jones said, "so that our students can be smart citizens in real-time."Classroom instruction is finally beginning to change, where a wider variety of Americans are now part of the history lesson.For example, the 1619 Project, the New York Times's detailed examination of how slavery has influenced American life, is now being taught in thousands of classrooms across the country.One organization using it as a classroom tool in the history of nonprofit Facing History and Ourselves.Its program director, Laura Tavares, laid out why non-textbook learning aids are vital to a full understanding of history and other classroom subjects."You can't teach what you don't know," Tavares said, "and 80% of teachers in the United States are white."One of the things that we understand about being white," she continued, "is that we are allowed to move through the world often with the lack of consciousness about race, with the lack of conversation about race, and racial identity."As for her organization, she said, "We create classroom resources. So that's lesson plans, unit guides, multimedia films, to teach in more equitable and inclusive and engaging ways."It's part of a new, evolving way to teach. Instead of using history textbooks, teachers are taking students -- and adults -- online, where getting the education narrative right is more important than ever, as Martha S. Jones pointed out."My students, this semester, have been editing and creating Wikipedia sites related to African American women," she told PIX11 News."We are making sure that folks who have questions about that when they come to a space like Wikipedia find not only good, accurate facts, but they find links to excellent secondary sources," Jones continued. "They might even find links to primary materials where they can read the history firsthand."Her students' Wikipedia entries include histories of such prominent African American figures as Frances Harper, Shirley Chisholm, Ida B. Wells, and Crystal Bird Fauset.Wikipedia has now formed a foundation that helps fund the writing of entries by scholars in an effort to ensure that Wikipedia is a teachable resource.Meanwhile, textbooks aren't going away. While there's no shortage of experts who say that racism in some of the latest textbooks persists, they also say that there's been an improvement over time."There still are problems, but they're much, much better," Yacovone said.Martha S. Jones pointed out that "there are very important, distinguished... African American scholars who now produce their own textbooks."Those books are starting to make a difference, by influencing how textbooks are written and produced generally, nationwide, like Tavares, from Facing History and Ourselves said."When there's demand from parents, perhaps, and communities, even textbooks can tell a more complete and inclusive story," she said.This story was first reported by James Ford at WPIX in New York, New York. 9611

Nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic and many people are inching by by making minimum payments on credit cards.But with Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation set to expire next month, staying in good standing with your credit card companies may be getting harder.Many credit card companies are willing to set up a payment plan and waive fees or lower interests on your payments for a certain period of time, but there’s always fine print. There are other options without impacting your credit score.Getting by by making minimum payments on her credit cards, Jana Krause is feeling financially strapped."I'm finding myself in a position that I was able to make my credit card payments on time. Now I'm concerned that that’s not going to be a happening thing coming up in the next months," Krause said.With the Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation set to expire next month, Krause reached out to her credit card companies hoping she can lower her minimum payments without having to go into a hardship program that would freeze her account and potentially impact her credit score."I'm stuck between a rock and a hard place," Krause said. "I've never experienced something like this in my life. I've never been out of a job."At 74, Krause is considered high risk for COVID-19, and going back to teaching wellness classes is not an option for her.Sara Rathner, a credit card expert at the finance company Nerd Wallet, said Krause is not alone."You can look into other options to free up cash in your budget to fulfill other obligations," Rathner said. "Turn to your utility companies, your landlord, your mortgage company, see what sorts of help they can provide. Maybe by freeing up cash in that way you’ll still be able to meet the minimum payments on your credit card."And if that’s not possible, research personal loans or debt consolidation programs. But beware of scams."You can start with non-profit credit counseling that can help you come up with a debt repayment plan and debt consolidation, or even just get help reworking your budget to see if you can free up money to pay your bills," Rathner said.Krause said she’s already cost-conscious doing groceries."I'm not going to one of my favorite stores and getting my favorite treats, nothing. I mean, all that’s been cut out," Krause said.Hardship payments programs may not be for everyone, but Rathner said weigh your priorities before you knock it."In an emergency, your credit score doesn’t need to be your first priority," Rathner said. "You can get yourself into a more stable situation and then focus on rebuilding your credit from there. Right now if what you need to do is keep a roof over your head, keep the lights on, and keep food on the table, that’s your number one priority."This story was first reported by Michelle Quesada at WPTV in West Palm Beach, Florida. 2856

NORMAL HEIGHTS, Calif. (KGTV) - A local photographer, known for her poignant pictures of pets, says she’s no longer able to work after being hit by a car on Sunday.Tamandra Michaels said she was crossing El Cajon Boulevard in North Park in a marked crosswalk when she was hit from behind by a car making a left-hand turn.“Just T-boned completely,” she said. “My wheel took a good hit, instead of my body. Then I slammed into the ground.”MAP: Track crime happening in your neighborhoodHer service dog, Justice, was on the other side of her and made it away uninjured.Michaels said she didn’t break any bones, but along with scrapes and bruises, she has a lingering pain in her left shoulder.That has compounded problems from previous shoulder and arm injuries and has made it nearly impossible for her to lift herself into her car, which has been modified for her to drive without foot pedals but does not have a ramp or lift.She has been trying to raise funds to buy a van with a wheelchair lift for more than a year, but the need has become more urgent.“I have to,” she said of buying a van, “if I want to keep my independence.”Her GoFundMe page can be found here. 1178

NOGALES, Ariz. – In the war on drugs, the U.S.-Mexico border is the front line.According to Customs and Border Protection, the pandemic is changing how the cartel and other drug organizations are getting narcotics across and into the United States.“Initially we were seeing small football-shaped bundles [full of drugs] being thrown over the fence,” said Sabri Dickman, the border patrol agent in charge along a 33-mile stretch of border near Nogales, Arizona. “We’ve seen that expand to backpack operations with 100-plus pounds to catching vehicles loaded with 600-plus pounds.”The Nogales border crossing is one of the most exploited by Mexican drug organizations. According to CBP, of the more than 200 known underground tunnels that are used to traffic drugs across the southern border, 114 are located in Nogales.It also is one of the busiest as the Mariposa Port of Entry, the main thoroughfare between the countries in Nogales, ushers million in merchandise between the United States and Mexico each day, according to CBP.Mariposa Port Director Michael Humphries says 98% of the traffic that comes through the port is legal, but the 2% is now being used to traffic more hard narcotics like fentanyl, a synthetic opioid similar to morphine, but around 50 to 100 times more potent which makes it lethal even in small doses. Humphries says the hard narcotics are smaller, making them easier to conceal and transport as more can be trafficked in one trip.“We’ve seen an increase in fentanyl over the last year,” said Humphries. “Nogales is a small city [of] 20,000 people. Those tablets of fentanyl weren’t coming to the border. It was going way beyond. It was going to Vermont, and Ohio, Kentucky, and Detroit.”Humphries says in June alone, CBP seized 875,000 tablets of fentanyl from smugglers. It was part of a year that saw officers seize 9,500 pounds of methamphetamine, 900 pounds of fentanyl, and 1,000 pounds of heroine, even though traffic through the port has decreased 60 to 70% because of travel restrictions imposed because of the pandemic.Humphries says those restrictions have led drug organizations to recruit more Americans to smuggle their drugs instead of Mexican or Central American nationals, since U.S. citizens can travel more freely across the border. 2290

NEW YORK (AP) — A presidential campaign that was already tugging at the nation’s most searing divides has been jolted by the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. It represents a seismic shift in a race that had been defined by a pandemic, economic uncertainty and civil unrest. Democrats and Republicans on Capitol Hill began sparring almost immediately over when to replace the former justice. But the political shockwaves were only just beginning to ripple across battleground states, where high-stakes Senate races were suddenly supercharged and presidential operations were forced to rethink their messaging just over six weeks until Election Day — and with early voting already underway in five states. 730