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WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

NANJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called for the country to maintain confidence that it can weather challenges amid a "complicated and tough" outlook of economic development."As in 2008, we are now encountering difficulties which can be overcome through hard work," Wen said during his tour to eastern Jiangsu province on Sunday and Monday.Elaborating on the grim situation, Wen said the growth of China's exports has been slowing and the pace of the slowdown has accelerated, especially in the past three months. Meanwhile, the profit margin of the country's manufacturing industry has been squeezed and some enterprises have even fallen into the red.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) talks to staff members in a small loan company for rural areas in Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Suzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Dec. 19, 2011. Wen Jiabao made an inspection tour in Jiangsu on Dec. 18 and 19. He noted that the country is also facing shrinking external demand, rising costs and pressure from both slowing economic growth and high inflation, which makes macro-economic regulation more difficult.Despite emerging challenges, however, the current momentum of China's economic development is "generally good," Wen said.China's economic growth has been slowing all year but remains above the global average. Its GDP growth slowed to 9.1 percent in the third quarter from 9.5 percent in the second quarter and 9.7 percent in the first quarter.To tackle the challenges, Wen said the country will boost domestic demand while stabilizing external demand and keep its export policies such as export tax rebates "basically stable" in the coming year.Efforts should also be made to enhance domestic enterprises' competitiveness, promote the transfer of industry to the country's western regions, and develop the international market, especially in emerging economies, he said.He said China will stick to, and further improve upon, the opening-up policy and welcome foreign enterprises to invest in the country, adding that the country will protect intellectual property rights and implement a fair and open bidding approach in terms of government procurement.Wen also demanded efforts be made to encourage private investment in sectors such as railways, public facilities, finance, energy, education and health-care.Furthermore, he urged banks to take concrete action in better serving the real economy and asked financial institutions to enhance support for enterprises while improving management in order to control the capital bubble and prevent risks.Wen said the southern parts of Jiangsu should engage in a comprehensive development strategy to build the province into a forefront of the country's opening-up drive.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China will push to properly resolve the case of a Chinese skipper indicted by Japan, the Foreign Ministry said Friday.Spokesman Hong Lei said this is a common fishing case, and the Chinese embassy in Japan has dispatched officials to visit the skipper.China requests that Japan ensure the rights of the Chinese skipper, Hong said, and China is communicating closely with Japan in order to properly resolve the case.The Chinese government has been requiring fishermen to fish legally, Hong said, adding that the competent authorities have done a lot in this area, and he promised to promote the management and education of Chinese fishermen.Japanese prosecutors have indicted the captain of a Chinese fishing boat for illegally operating in Japanese waters, a local official said Friday.The Nagasaki District Public Prosecutors Office has finalized its case against Zhong Jinyin, 39, following his December 20 arrest near islands off southwest Japan, according to the official.The prosecutors have not indicated whether the skipper has admitted to the charge.

BEIJING, Dec. 24 (Xinhua) -- Renowned China economist Li Yining said Saturday that adjusting the structure of China's economy is a "matter of life and death" while the structure of GDP is more important than its size.The focus of the country's economic structure adjustment now should be transforming the dual structure in the urban and rural economy, which causes the widening income gaps between urban and rural residents, Li said at the China Economic Forum.He also noted that the key to stimulating domestic demand is to raise the workers' wages.With the external demand waned, the Chinese government has attempted to turn to domestic consumers to take up the slack. The country vows to expand domestic demand next year and increase residents' income, especially for disadvantaged groups.However, Li said raising household income is not enough and the government also needs to improve its social security system as well as increase construction of affordable houses and public rental houses.The country plans to begin construction or renovation on at least 7 million housing units for low-income groups next year, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Jiang Weixin said Friday.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- The central government allocated 935 million yuan (147 million U.S. dollars) Wednesday to areas hit by rain-triggered floods, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) said.The relief funds, jointly allocated by the MCA and the Ministry of Finance, will be used for disaster survivors to relocate, rebuild houses and buy daily necessities.The funds will also be delivered to the family members of the victims, according to the ministry.The funds will go to the flood-hit provinces of Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The government already allocated 132 million yuan (20.6 million U.S. dollars) to disaster hit areas immediately after the floods happened in September.Rain-triggered floods and disasters left 97 people dead, 21 missing and 1.23 million affected in September in China's 11 provincial-level regions, and a total of 1.93 million people were relocated urgently to avoid further casualties.The disasters also caused an estimated 21 billion yuan (3.29 billion U.S. dollars) in direct economic losses, according to official data.