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MANAGUA, Nicaragua (AP) — The heart of powerful Hurricane Eta began has moving ashore in Nicaragua with devastating winds and rains that have already destroyed rooftops and caused rivers to overflow. And more days of rain are in the forecast. Eta is a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph and it made landfall after grinding for hours just off the coast. 369

Millions of homeowners could still benefit from refinancing their mortgages to get a lower interest rate. This is true even after a federal regulator startled lenders by dictating a new fee that amounts to a tax on refinancing.Many could save by refinancingMortgage rates began falling in the spring, as the potential economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic dawned on financial markets, and declined into summer. The average rate on the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage has lingered around 3% APR in much of August, according to NerdWallet’s daily survey, and the 15-year fixed-rate loan has averaged under 3%.Low refinance rates ignited a refinancing boom, accounting for more than 60% of mortgage applications most weeks this summer. Still, plenty of potential refinancers remain. When the 30-year mortgage rate is 3%, almost 18 million homeowners could reduce their interest rate at least 0.75% by refinancing, according to mortgage analytics company Black Knight. The average potential refinance savings: almost 0 a month.Fee could diminish refi savings for someA new fee on refinance transactions could reduce borrowers’ monthly savings, though. The “adverse market refinance fee” was stealthily announced Aug. 12 by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-sponsored companies that bought and securitized 47% of mortgages at the beginning of 2020.Freddie attributed the fee to “COVID-19 related economic and market uncertainty.” Fannie used similar wording, without mentioning the disease.The fee is a 0.5% charge on conventional refinances. It amounts to a half-of-a-percent sales tax on refinancing. In the first week of August, the average amount of a conventional refinance was about 4,000, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. On a refinance for that amount, the fee would be ,620.Some refinancers won’t have to pay. The fee applies only to conventional, conforming mortgages, which means that it doesn’t apply to those who refinance government home loans. Jumbo loans are also exempt.Lenders can pass along the fee to borrowers in several ways: including it in the refinance closing costs, adding it to the loan amount or increasing the interest rate. A 0.5% fee typically would translate into a rate increase of 0.125% or less.New fee targets less-risky borrowersFannie and Freddie claimed that the fee was driven by market uncertainty, but it was levied on refinances, not purchase loans. Refinances generally carry less risk than purchases, so charging more for refis is like setting a higher auto insurance premium for a mom with a clean driving record than for her 16-year-old son.So it’s a mystery why an “adverse market” charge was added to lower-risk loans.Another enigma is who imposed the fee. Fannie and Freddie made the announcement at night, hours after their headquarters closed; the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which closely oversees the companies, made no public comment. David H. Stevens, a former commissioner of the Federal Housing Administration, pointed at the FHFA, tweeting that the agency, Fannie and Freddie “are essentially providing [refinancing homeowners] the middle finger…”Why refis pose less risk than purchase loansTo refinance, borrowers need to demonstrate that they’ve been paying on time. And most people refinance to get lower monthly payments. It’s safe to assume that dependable borrowers decrease their risk of default when they reduce their payments. In contrast, purchase loans are a step into the unknown.The fee will be charged on refi loans that Fannie and Freddie buy on or after Sept. 1. Typically, a few weeks pass between a loan’s closing and its sale to Fannie or Freddie. That time lag means the fee increase applies to most conventional refinancers who had not locked their rate and fees by Aug. 12, when the fee was announced.There’s a chance that the fee could be rescinded. On Aug. 13, a senior White House official told the Wall Street Journal that the administration “has serious concerns with this action, and is reviewing it.” But the FHFA is an independent agency and can act without White House approval.More reasons to refinanceA modest fee doesn’t have to stop anyone from refinancing. There are other reasons to refinance besides monthly savings:Repay the loan faster. By refinancing a 30-year mortgage to a 15-year loan, a borrower can save thousands of dollars over the life of the loan by paying interest for a shorter period.Stop paying mortgage insurance. Refinancing is a way to get rid of mortgage insurance, whether it’s an FHA loan insured by the Federal Housing Administration or private mortgage insurance on a conventional loan.Extract equity. Some homeowners refinance for more than they owe and take the difference in cash in what’s called a cash-out refinance. The money can go toward home improvements or other uses.More From NerdWalletHow and why to refinance your mortgageHow to get rid of private mortgage insuranceHow to get the lowest refinance rateHolden Lewis is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: hlewis@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @HoldenL. 5063

Many small businesses are struggling after the pandemic shut down a number of industries. Recently, more than 2,400 small businesses gave their thoughts on how various levels of government are helping them during this tough time.Nate Chai, who heads up the Pro Engagement Team at Thumbtack, says "the purpose of the survey is really to find out how small businesses across the country feel about the public policies that they're working with at the local, state and national levels. Do they feel supported? Do they feel the right policies are in place? Are things changing year-over-year for them?"Thumbtack, an online company that connects people with local independent professionals in industries like construction, wellness and music, conducts a small business friendliness survey every year. This year, they wanted to check in with the small businesses on their site to see how they were doing amid this COVID-19 pandemic."What we did notice is that there were strong divergent between how many felt their states and local governments were doing versus what they saw from the federal government. To put that in perspective, we saw many states score A, A- or B in terms of that local response but at the federal level people almost universally what people were seeing was not good enough," said Chai.Chai says overwhelmingly, small business owners gave the federal government an F when it came to their response. "We saw several states earn Fs and unfortunately the worst of those, starting from the bottom up were Arizona followed by Oregon, Missouri, Georgia and Tennessee," said Chai. The highest ranked states were Vermont, which received an A+, followed by A ratings for Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts and an A for Maryland. Gerard Cassagnol, the Engineering and Operations Manager for Trevor Technical Solutions in Maryland, took part in the survey."It started off really good here in Maryland. They were very proactive in how to address the pandemic. What I basically mean is they were going by the science," Cassagnol said. Cassagnol says the funding, though, from State and Federal levels, was lacking, as well as information and guidance about programs and how to operate has been inconsistent. Cassagnol says before the pandemic, 80 percent of his company's revenue came from work from the government. Over the last three months, that dwindled down to 5 percent, putting his business in a dire state and prompting him to lay off staff. "It's a survival instinct right now that we're operating on," said Cassagnol.Of the roughly 2,400 businesses that took the survey, 65 percent had only one employee, in that the person owned their business and works alone; 28 percent had two to five employees and the remaining six percent had more than six employees."Given what’s going on, it's a great time to consider reaching out to small businesses if you’ve got those projects on the back burners, and finding ways to support small businesses if you have the means," said Chai."We've got to find a solution to this. America is going to suffer ultimately if the small business isn't there," said Cassagnol. Thumbtack is encouraging people to support their local businesses in any way they can right now as many feel uncertain when or if they will recover from this economic downturn. 3306

MEXICO CITY (AP) — When three film students went to tape a college project in the western Mexico city of Guadalajara, they wound up crossing paths with another young man with dreams of celebrity, a 24-year-old rapper who had built a YouTube channel with more than a half-million views based on songs describing an anguished, violent life of drugs and crime.The students, who hoped one day to join the wave of Mexican directors who have swept the Oscars in recent years, instead stumbled into the hands of a drug gang that employed the aspiring rapper. Investigators say that his job, in this case, was to dump their bodies in sulfuric acid and dispose of the remains.The gang duties were a sort of day job for Christian Omar Palma Gutierrez, a rapper who went by the handle "Qba." He had 50,000 followers on his social media accounts, and 670,000 views on his YouTube music videos . He had been scheduled to appear at a rap festival in Tijuana on April 29.RELATED: Mexico officials: 3 missing film students believed slainThe man who produced Palma Gutierrez's videos said the performer would dub his voice over instrumental tracks downloaded from the internet. He had bragged about making between 3,000 and 6,000 pesos (5 to 0) per month from his YouTube videos — not terrible for a high-school dropout in Mexico but hardly enough to support his wife and children."He had dreams of growing, of making a living from this, so his parents wouldn't have to struggle any more so his family could get ahead," said the producer, who goes by the name "Sismo" Garduno.The heavily tattooed Palma Gutierrez — he favored baggy shirts and shorts, Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland Raiders baseball caps, and called himself "modefukka" — made videos depicting a life hanging out with his "homies," drinking and taking drugs.In one, he croons, "My voice will be the house where they rest in peace, so they are tormented in darkness, but they'll like it," as he simulates beating and kicking a tied-up man with a bloody bag over his head, eventually lighting his body on fire with gasoline.Garduno said the image was just metaphorical."In Qba's case, regarding the video of the tied-up man, it was symbolic, saying he was killing them with his music," Garduno said.But there was nothing symbolic about Palma Gutierrez's work for the Jalisco New Generation drug cartel, Mexico's fastest-growing and most violent gang.As part of one of the cartel's Guadalajara cells, Palma Gutierrez would sometimes help kidnap or torture rivals, according to sources close to the investigation who have seen the case file and are not authorized to be quoted by name. But his main job was serving as what the gang calls a "cook." For 3,000 pesos per week, he dumped bodies head-first into acid baths set up in water tanks in the yard of a cartel safe-house.He would come back after two days — after the acid had done its work — and open drain valves to release the fluid into the storm drain, and remove any remaining sludge to dump it in fields, the sources said. That was how the dreams of the three film students ended.Investigators say the film students, whose ages ranged from 20 to 25, had nothing to do with the drug trade. Their mistake was to unwittingly film at a home that had been used as a safe house by a rival drug gang. The Jalisco cartel was watching the house, and when the three students emerged, they were followed, abducted and taken to Jalisco cartel safe house for interrogation. One died under torture, leading the gang to kill the other two.The sources said Palma Gutierrez has confessed and is under special protection in prison because the cartel wants to kill him for cooperating with prosecutors. The cartel had killed one member of his gang already, and neither Palma Gutierrez nor his public defender could be reached for comment.Many saw a broader tragedy in the case.Palma Gutierrez "sings well, and he tells a story in his videos, like the stories film students tell," commentator Luis Cardenas wrote in a column in the newspaper El Universal. "For two years, Omar screamed in his songs that something was very wrong, and millions saw that ... and none of us did anything at all," Cardenas wrote. "Now three young people are dead and one life is ruined forever."There is another generation in all of this: Omar's son, Tyson, who appears from photos to be about 4. In pictures posted on his Facebook page, Omar is shown coaching his tiny son to throw gang signals and look tough.Garduno, the producer, said adopting U.S. gang-style "cholo" customs has become a wave among Mexican youth."My experience in this genre is that a lot of them want to feel very "cholo," Garduno said.Luis Gonzalez Perez, the head of the country's human rights commission, said after Palma Gutierrez's arrest this week that "what we have to do is to stop this climate of violence, because there is the risk that if there are no jobs, no education, if the young people don't have recreational opportunities, well the drug cartels are going to recruit them." 5053

Many colleges are welcoming students back for in-person learning and dormitory living this fall semester. Looming over everything: Campuses could shut back down at any time.With COVID-19 cases still high, many colleges are developing shutdown contingency plans alongside their reopening arrangements.At the same time, the pandemic is fueling new debate about whether colleges should charge the same tuition for online and in-person classes. Tuition typically covers the cost of instruction — salaries, software, labs and such — and that cost at many schools may have increased.The University of North Carolina Wilmington, as an exception, has a different cost structure for online, hybrid and in-person classes. Still, it announced that students won’t receive a tuition refund if in-person classes move online this fall. And, after the pivot from its sister school at Chapel Hill, it told students to prepare for a similar transition if cases rise.That leaves freshman Owen Palmer weighing the possibility that the education he is paying for may not be the one he gets. “I’m taking a risk because (the university) mentioned they can’t do refunds,” says Palmer. For him, the risk is worth it, but he does wonder what he’ll do if the campus has to close.Here’s what he and other students can expect as the fall shapes up.Don’t expect a break on tuitionSome schools have cut tuition. Hampton University is offering students a 15% discount, bringing undergraduate tuition to ,519. Other schools are offering additional scholarships and grants.But tuition decreases and additional aid aren’t the norm.“If I had to make bets, I would say a lot of colleges will be (freezing tuition) until they get a better sense of the economy,” says Arun Ponnusamy, chief academic officer at the college admissions and application counseling company Collegewise. “But there will be other colleges that say, ‘We need money to run this school.’”That may be happening already. George Mason University in Virginia approved a tuition increase of 0. The University of Michigan approved a 1.9% tuition increase. Both schools are planning a mix of online and in-person instruction.Meals and housing refunds likelyMany colleges aren’t publicizing their shutdown contingency plans — or how refunds will work. But students can look to how their school handled refunds in the spring to gauge how fall might play out.Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University gave refunds for on-campus housing and meal plans, says William Hudson Jr., the school’s vice president for student affairs. If the campus has to shut down this fall, Hudson says the refund structure “would probably be the same.”Other colleges also offered direct refunds for students. For example, Temple University automatically deposited partial refunds for room and board in students’ bank accounts. The University of North Carolina Wilmington gave prorated refunds for room and board.But some colleges opted for account credit instead.The University of Arkansas refunded about 20% of room and board costs to student accounts. They haven’t announced an official plan in case of a fall shutdown, but staff members expect it’ll be the same.The University of Alabama offered a prorated refund for room and board, and parking. Students could take a cash refund immediately or apply that amount and an extra 10% as an account credit for the fall.How can you prepare?If you’re planning to return to campus housing, contact your school and ask about its shutdown contingency plans. You’ll want to know what factors would cause it to shut down again. This could be a campus COVID-19 outbreak of a certain size, an increase in local cases or other factors.You can’t stop a campus shutdown, but if you know the metrics your school is looking at, you can anticipate it and react more confidently.Make backup plans for housing if your campus closes. Determine if you’ll go home, stay with a friend, get your own apartment or something else. Communicate your intentions with those you plan to stay with or scope out affordable apartments in advance. That way, if the campus shuts down suddenly, you know exactly where you’ll go.Ask your college about emergency funds and grants if a campus closure will cause you financial hardship. Many colleges have funds available for students.Plan how you’d use a refund. If your school offers a direct refund, consider whether you’ll need that money for living expenses. If you don’t need the money for living expenses, send the refund back to your student loan servicer. Doing so will keep your overall loan balance down and save you money in the long run.More From NerdWalletPrivate Student Loan Relief for Borrowers in the Coronavirus CrisisCollege During COVID-19: Your Aid Questions AnsweredStudent Loan Borrowers: Don’t Wait on Congress for More ReliefCecilia Clark is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: cclark@nerdwallet.com. 4902