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Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

NBC weatherman Al Roker announced Friday that he is battling prostate cancer.Roker, 66, made the announcement live on the air on Friday, adding that he is "going to be OK.""It's a good news-bad news kind of thing," Roker said on the Today Show. "Good news is we caught it early. Not great news is that it's a little aggressive, so I'm going to be taking some time off to take care of this."NBC says Roker will undergo surgery in New York next week at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Roker added that he went public with his diagnosis because he wanted to highlight the dangers the disease poses to American men. One in nine men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetimes. The disease also disproportionately affects Black men, as one in seven African-American men will face a prostate cancer diagnosis.This story is breaking and will be updated. 875

NBC News and PBS report that the Trump administration will end funding to 13 COVID-19 testing sites in five states at the end of June.According to PBS reporter Yamiche Alcindor, the testing sites are located in Illinois, New Jersey, Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Texas.Reports of the administration's decision came a day after the U.S. reported 34,700 new cases of the virus — the third-highest single-day increase of new cases since the pandemic began.The reports also come after days of contradicting messaging regarding testing within the administration. At a rally in Tulsa on Saturday, President Donald Trump said that he had ordered health experts to "slow down" testing to limit the number of newly reported infections.On Monday, Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany said during a press briefing that Trump made those comments "in jest." Trump contradicted McEnany's assertion on Tuesday when asked about his comments, adding that he "doesn't kid."Also on Tuesday, Dr. Anthony Fauci and other top health officials in the White House said they had not been directed to slow down testing.Health experts widely agree that increased testing capacity is a key tenet in slowing and preventing the coronavirus' spread. 1220

MORTON, Miss. (AP) — U.S. immigration officials raided numerous Mississippi food processing plants Wednesday, arresting 680 mostly Latino workers in what marked the largest workplace sting in at least a decade.The raids, planned months ago, happened just hours before President Donald Trump was scheduled to visit El Paso, Texas, the majority-Latino city where a man linked to an online screed about a "Hispanic invasion" was charged in a shooting that left 22 people dead in the border city.Workers filled three buses — two for men and one for women — at a Koch Foods Inc. plant in tiny Morton, 40 miles (64 kilometers) east of Jackson. They were taken to a military hangar to be processed for immigration violations. About 70 family, friends and residents waved goodbye and shouted, "Let them go! Let them go!" Later, two more buses arrived.A tearful 13-year-old boy whose parents are from Guatemala waved goodbye to his mother, a Koch worker, as he stood beside his father. Some employees tried to flee on foot but were captured in the parking lot.Workers who were confirmed to have legal status were allowed to leave the plant after having their trunks searched."It was a sad situation inside," said Domingo Candelaria, a legal resident and Koch worker who said authorities checked employees' identification documents.The company did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment.About 600 agents fanned out across the plants involving several companies, surrounding the perimeters to prevent workers from fleeing. They occurred in small towns near Jackson with a workforce made up largely of Latino immigrants, including Bay Springs, Carthage, Canton, Morton, Pelahatchie and Sebastapol.Matthew Albence, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's acting director, told The Associated Press that the raids could be the largest such operation thus far in any single state.Asked to comment on the fact that the raid was happening on the same day as Trump's El Paso visit, Albence responded, "This is a long-term operation that's been going on. Our enforcement operations are being done on a racially neutral basis. Investigations are based on evidence."The sting was another demonstration of Trump's signature domestic priority to crack down on illegal immigration. While planned months ago, it coincided with the day that Trump was to visit El Paso to offer his condolences to the majority-Latino city after a gunman linked with an anti-Hispanic post online fatally shot 22 people on Saturday.Such large shows of force were common under President George W. Bush, most notably at a kosher meatpacking plant in tiny Postville, Iowa, in 2008. President Barack Obama avoided them, limiting his workplace immigration efforts to low-profile audits that were done outside of public view.Trump resumed workplace raids, but the months of preparation and hefty resources they require make them rare. Last year, the administration hit a landscaping company near Toledo, Ohio, and a meatpacking plant in eastern Tennessee. The former owner of the Tennessee plant was sentenced to 18 months in prison last month.A hangar at the Mississippi National Guard in Flowood, near Jackson, was set up with 2,000 meals to process employees for immigration violations on Wednesday. There were seven lines, one for each location that was hit. Buses had been lined up since early in the day to be dispatched to the plants."I've never done anything like this," Chris Heck, resident agent in charge of ICE's Homeland Security Investigations unit in Jackson, told The Associated Press inside the hangar. "This is a very large worksite operation."Koch Foods, based in Park Ridge, Illinois, is one of the largest poultry producers in the U.S. and employs about 13,000 people, with operations in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Ohio and Tennessee.Forbes ranks it as the 135th largest privately held company in the U.S., with an estimated .2 billion in annual revenue. The Morton plant produces more than 700,000 tons of poultry feed a year, company officials said in February. The company has no relation to prominent conservative political donors and activists Charles and David Koch.Agents arrived at the Morton plant, passing a chain-link fence with barbed wire on top, with a sign that said the company was hiring. Mike Hurst, the U.S. attorney for Mississippi, was at the scene.Workers had their wrists tied with plastic bands and were told to deposit personal belongings in clear plastic bags. Agents collected the bags before they boarded buses."This will affect the economy," Maria Isabel Ayala, a child care worker for plant employees, said as the buses left. "Without them here, how will you get your chicken?"Immigration agents also hit a Peco Foods Inc. plant in Canton, about 35 miles (56 kilometers) north of Jackson. The company, based in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, says it is the eighth-largest poultry producer in the U.S. A company representative did not immediately respond to a telephone call or email seeking comment.___Amy reported from Pearl, Mississippi. Associated Press reporter Elliot Spagat in San Diego contributed to this report. 5155

NASHVILLE, Tenn. - When it comes to time off, managers can ask questions to an extent in order to confirm an employee is following CDC and local health mandates.Businesses are legally allowed to ask employees about potential exposure to COVID-19 if it helps keep the workplace or customers safe. Attorney Rebecca Demaree said if an employer does not treat every employee the same way, they may find themselves in hot water."Should you ask 'well, if you're going to that protest activity, we're going to make your self isolate for 14 days because we know there are going to be a large number of individuals,' and then you take a similarly situated employee who says 'at Christmas I'll be with 20 of my relatives,' and you don't treat them the same way, the question could be are you doing that because you're trying to stifle a protest or a First Amendment activity?" said Rebecca Demaree.Demaree counsels companies on labor and employment law. She said health screenings when employees return to work after time off make sense in most high-contact industries."That's going to be important for the employers to keep customers and fellow employees safe," Demaree said. Demaree advises a good questionnaire doesn't include questions that can make an employee feel singled out."They're not questions about 'who were you with?' 'Where were you?' What were you doing exactly?' But they are more designed to lead to those questions if more information is warranted," she said.Additionally, friends and families should not compare their return to work processes because different industries are doing it differently. New questions are also likely to be asked in 2021 when vaccines are available. Some employers may be able to require workers to get the shots.This story was first reported by Hannah McDonald at WTVF in Nashville, Tennessee. 1841