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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

    BEIJING, Jan. 13, 2009 (Xinhua) -- Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on Tuesday urged the Party's anti-corruption body to "firmly correct official wrongdoings" that harm public interests.     Addressing a plenary session of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the ruling Party's internal anti-corruption body, Hu said Party officials should maintain their political integrity and lead the people to overcome difficulties amid hardships. Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, addresses the third plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 13, 2009.     The CPC committees, governments and the Party's discipline organs at all levels had maintained a rigorous crackdown on all forms of corruption since the Party's 17th National Congress in 2007, said Hu, also Chinese president.     He called on the Party's discipline organs to focus on power abuse, bribery and misconduct, pledging that no corrupt officials would be allowed to escape punishment.     "We should be fully aware that the fight against corruption needs long-term, complicated and tough efforts," said Hu.     "In the anti-corruption efforts, we should also pay attention to both punishment and prevention and achieve effects to earn trust from the people and provide solid assurance for reform, development and stability," he said.          ATTACH IMPORTANCE TO PARTY MEMBER'S INTEGRITY     Hu said that in the face of complicated and changing international situations and domestic reforms, the integrity of officials at all levels was vital to keep steady economic growth and social harmony.     Officials' integrity and honesty would determine their behavior at work and off duty, Hu said. Officials should consciously adhere to socialist core value judgments as well as the Party's basic theories and policies.     Self-discipline and supervision must be relied on to cultivate clean and dedicated model leaders and the discipline organs should conduct unremitting education on virtue and morality, Hu said.     To realize the objectives, he urged the CCDI to carry out more education and supervision of Party officials, and ensure against abuse of authority.     Supervision and inspection should also be promoted and implemented in major decision making and deployment in accordance with the scientific outlook on development, Hu said.     The disciplinary organs should also push harder on investigations to corruption cases and deal with corruption problems in most high-risk departments or governmental affairs, he added.     Hu emphasized six aspects in the Party's anti-corruption work for immediate concentration:     -- Party officials should always ask the people for political advices, basic needs and suggestions for resolving social problems, and try harder to take practical measures to tackle public difficulties.     -- Officials should make more efforts to learn Party theories and policies and increase their capabilities to deal with complex situations by applying theory to practice.     -- Officials should always remember their duties and responsibilities endowed by the Party and people, and fulfill their assignment with more devotion.     -- Officials should hold a correct concept of political achievements by respecting and seeking truth in their work.     -- Officials should always prioritize people's interests and refrain from seeking personal gains or furthering their own interests.     -- Officials should maintain the Party's solidity and unity, and strictly abide by Party rules and regulations. They also should increase economic awareness to frugally conduct all undertakings.     Hu urged Party committees at all levels to regard strengthening education on integrity and honesty for officials as an important task in managing the Party by strict rules.     He also encouraged the Party's self-discipline organs to bravely fight all forms of corruption and illegalities, calling on Party committees to support anti-graft work.     Statistics from the commission showed that 4,960 officials above county head level were punished nationwide during the year ending last November.     The session was presided over by He Guoqiang, head of the CCDI. At present were other senior CPC officials Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang and Zhou Yongkang.

BEIJING, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Tongan King Taufa'ahau Tupou V exchanged congratulatory messages on Sunday to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the establishment of bilateral diplomatic relations.     Hu said in the message that the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries on Nov. 2, 1998 opened a new chapter in bilateral relations.     Over the past 10 years, the bilateral ties have been continuously solidified and strengthened, he added.     Hu said the establishment and development of bilateral ties have brought real benefits to the two peoples and promoted the stability and development of the Pacific Islands Region.     China is willing to make joint efforts with Tonga, on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, to further strengthen bilateral exchanges and cooperation, boost the two peoples' friendship and understanding and lift China-Tonga friendly and cooperative ties to a higher level, thus making new contribution to the stability, development and progress of the two countries and the region as a whole, he said.     Tupou V said it was farsighted for former King Taufa'ahau TupouIV to make the decision to build diplomatic ties with China 10 years ago.     The development of the ties has benefited the two peoples greatly, he said, adding the Tongan government will continue to abide by the one-China policy.

CHENGDU, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central government has pledged to help its Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) to cope with the impact of the ongoing international financial crisis.     It was revealed by Vice Premier Li Keqiang when meeting the SAR's Chief Executive Ho Hau Wah in Chengdu, capital of southwest Sichuan Province on Sunday.     Ho arrived here on Sunday, leading a delegation of the SAR to attend the Ninth Western China International Economy and Trade Fair.     The Vice Premier said the central government would give all-out support to the SAR's Chief Executive and government in administration in line with laws. It would actively assist the SAR's government to maintain stability and prosperity of the region.     Li also praised the SAR's government for promoting Macao's exchange and cooperation with the country's inland regions and hoped that Macao could make more contribution to economic construction and development in China's western region.

KUWAIT CITY, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and Kuwaiti Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohammad Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah agreed to expand economic and energy cooperation between the two countries during their meeting here on Monday.     "China and Kuwait should form a lasting, stable and comprehensive partnership concerning the energy area," Li told the Kuwaiti prime minister, according to a press release from the Chinese Foreign Ministry.     Li said the two sides should deepen cooperation in the energy industries and study ways of joint exploration of both upstream and downstream industries.     He called on both sides to expand cooperation on infrastructure and telecommunication, increase contacts of people, and promote exchanges in the areas of finance, agriculture, science and technology and culture, in a bid to jointly respond to the change of global economic environment.     Li also said China always sees its relations from a strategic perspective with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its six members, including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait.     China is willing to further high level visits, enhance political mutual trust, broaden substantial cooperation and promote peace and stability in the Gulf region, Li said.     Nasser said Kuwait and China have witnessed a strong growth of bilateral trade volume this year, and taken a big step in energy cooperation.     Citing the current global financial crisis, he pledged that Kuwait is ready to further enhance cooperation with China in various fields, adding that Kuwait welcomes Chinese products and enterprises to enter the Kuwaiti market to realize common development.     The Chinese vice premier also visited oil facilities in Kuwait and met with major figures of the oil industry to get a better knowledge of the Gulf Arab state's oil industry and the progress of China-Kuwait energy cooperation.     China and Kuwait renewed their record of bilateral trade volume in 2007 with 3.6 billion U.S. dollars, according to official statistics, a 30-percent growth compared with that of 2006.     China imported 2.3 billion dollars worth of goods from Kuwait in 2007, with 90 percent of oil products, while only exporting 1.3billion dollars of goods to Kuwait.     Li and Nasser also hailed the sound state-to-state relations between China and Kuwait.     Li said relations between China and Kuwait, the first Gulf state to establish diplomatic ties with China, feature "deep friendship between the two peoples, all-along mutual political trust and equal respect."     Expressing his appreciation of Kuwait's support in the issues concerning China's major interests, he said China supports Kuwait's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.     Nasser acknowledged that China was also the first big power to recognize the independence of Kuwait.     Nasser said the Kuwaiti people have been always cherishing a friendly affection towards the Chinese people, and will never forget the firm support and help from the Chinese people.     Kuwait is the final leg of Li's 11-day overseas visit, his first foreign visit since he took office as vice premier in March, which has also taken him to Indonesia and Egypt.