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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The topic of voter fraud has been in the spotlight more than usual this election cycle, with President Donald Trump encouraging supporters to volunteer as poll watchers and tweeting about election-related fraud at least eight times in the last week.There are several categories of voter fraud, including ineligible voting by non-citizens or felons; or double voting, when someone illegally casts more than one ballot.Voter fraud is cheating by voters themselves, which is distinct from other forms of election malfeasance, and there have been dozens of studies aimed at measuring it over the last few years.There are essentially two types of academic research on voter fraud: studies that examine documented cases of voter fraud, such as ones mentioned in news articles or criminal prosecutions; and studies that try to predict how much fraud might be going undetected, using advanced statistics and artificial intelligence techniques.Pam Smith, the former president of the non-partisan Verified Voting Foundation, summarizes the research on documented voter fraud this way: “There's an infinitesimal amount of voter fraud where a voter is intentionally doing something fraudulent.”A 2007 study by the Brennan Center at New York University calculated the rate of voter fraud in three elections in the early 2000s at between 0.0003% to 0.0025%.The odds of being struck by lightning in a given year is 0.0002%.The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, keeps a database of known cases of voter fraud. It now has 1,298 examples.The examples date back to 1982 and cover both presidential and off-year contests. There were more than 1 billion votes cast in presidential contests alone during that span.But those are the known cases. What about undetected cases of voter fraud?This is an area of study called election forensics, where researchers use advanced statistics and machine learning to estimate irregularities.One study by researchers at Harvard and Stanford universities looked at voter registration data in the 2012 election and used algorithms to estimate that the maximum amount of double voting was .02%, or 1 out of every 4,000 ballots.But the researchers also showed that most, if not all, of these possible double votes, could have actually been innocent clerical errors. The researchers audited poll books in Philadelphia and found a 1% error rate; an error rate of 1.3% would be enough to explain all of the irregularities.There are other kinds of fraud, called election fraud, like the illegal ballot harvesting in North Carolina’s 9th District in 2018. But Smith, of Verified Voting, said those cases are actually easier to catch because they typically involve multiple people.In the very rare cases when they do happen, judges can order an election re-do.“Fraud on any kind of massive scale, as we've heard talked about, that doesn't happen,” Smith said. “And there are safeguards and guardrails in place to prevent it.”Smith said California’s guardrails include pre-election testing of voting machines and other equipment and audits after the election.California voters can also sign up for a free tool called “Where’s My Ballot?” The service will send automated alerts the moment your ballot is received and counted. 3270

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The plaques at the Hillcrest pride monument have been restores after being vandalized in February. According to the Hillcrest Business Association, the repairs cost roughly ,500. All the money came through donations from local businesses, the association said. The plaques were vandalized in early February. Pictures show faces and the pride flag scratched out. RELATED: Fundraiser underway after Hillcrest pride flag plaque vandalized“The fact that there is this hate still out in the community means that we need monuments like this, the pride flag, even more,” said Benjamin Nicholls, the Executive Director of the Hillcrest Business Association.Due to the lack of security cameras in the area, Nicholls said it’s hard to tell who vandalized the plaque. The monument sits at the corner of University Avenue and Normal Street. 859

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The United State Marine Corps is ordering the removal of the Confederate battle flag from public display and in work spaces aboard its installations, such as Camp Pendleton.The announcement was made late Friday night amid fiery protests across the country against racism and police killings."Today, the Marine Corps released guidance on the removal of public displays of the Confederate battle flag," read a post on USMC's official Twitter account.The order bans all depictions of the Confederate battle flag, including clothing, posters, mugs, bumper stickers, and the flag itself."Our history as a nation, and events like the violence in Charlottesville in 2017, highlight the divisiveness the use of the Confederate battle flag has had on our society," said USMC. "This presents a threat to our core values, unit cohesion, security, and good order and discipline."In 2017, white nationalists groups rallied against the proposed removal of a statue of Confederate soldier Robert E. Lee in Charlottesville. It was one of several controversial monuments targeted for removal following a massacre two years earlier in which a white supremacist gunned down nine black church members in Charleston. The rally saw violent clashes, including the death of a 32-year-old woman who was killed when a car rammed into a group of counter-protesters.USMC allows for the flag to be displayed in works of art, educational or historical displays depicting a Civil War battle where the flag is present but not the main focus of the work. It also does not ban the display of state flags and license plates which incorporate the Confederate battle flag."It is impossible to specify every possible exception that may apply. Commanders are expected to apply their best judgment informed by the spirit and intent of this maradmin," said USMC. "If a commander encounters questionable circumstances, the command staff judge advocate shall be contacted for legal review and advice." 1995

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- There's your frozen dinners like Salisbury steak and meatloaf, and then there's frozen meals packaged by San Diego native Ashleigh Ferran that bring familiar flavors to your table from popular restaurants like Juniper Ivy, Galaxy Taco and Ranch 45."Instead of walking down grocery aisles and supporting other sources from the U.S., you're buying not just from local restaurants but they are all sourced locally and kitchens in San Diego restaurants. You're taking those dollars and putting it back into the local economy," Ferran said.The idea came when Ferran lost her job amid the pandemic. She took her skills in hospitality, customer service and food to create In Good Company, a frozen meal delivery service that helps restaurants while satisfying people's hunger."Chefs are able to pick a dish w great margins and they keep all profit for their business," said Ferran.And these aren't meals you'd find at the restaurant, they're off menu entrees created just for Ferran's business. Each one feeds about 2-3 people and comes in a reusable container they pick up once it's empty. "It's easy to see your trash pile up with to-go containers, so we're helping you lighten your load while doing something great for the planet," said Ferran.In Good Company provides good eats while giving a lifeline to restaurants who could certainly use all the help right now. "It's openness to collaborate, think about how we can support each other, stay safe and bring joy around the dinner table. That's what keeps me inspired and happy to share that with everyone else," said Ferran.You can purchase meals until Saturday, Dec. 12. Every month they'll work with a new set of local restaurants and chefs. 1720

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Three cars were totaled after a semi crashed into a hydrant in the Midway District, sending water spewing into the air. The crash happened on the 2300 block of Sports Arena Boulevard around 1:45 p.m.Water could be seen shooting into the air and flooding the nearby street. It wasn't immediately clear what led to the crash. According to authorities, the water gushing out of the hydrant also picked up rocks, sending them shooting through windshields of nearby cars and flooding them with water.  544