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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Wednesday stressed confidence, cooperation and responsibility as key to overcoming the current global financial crisis.     The global financial crisis is a challenge for the whole world, and the pressing task for the international community is "to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible," Wen told participants attending the World Economic Forum annual meeting in the Swiss skiing resort of Davos.     In tackling the crisis, confidence is the source of strength, practical cooperation the effective way and accepting responsibilities the prerequisite, he said in his special message at the forum.     "We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties, but also push for the establishment of a new world economic order that is just, equitable, sound and stable," Wen said.     To this end, international economic cooperation and a sound multilateral trading regime should be promoted, and the reform of the international financial system should be advanced, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) answers questions after speaking at the World Economic Forum annual meeting, in Davos, Switzerland, on Jan. 28, 2009.It is also necessary to strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision and regulation to guard against the build-up and spread of financial risks, the Chinese premier said.     Wen said the interests of developing countries should be effectively protected and economic development of the whole world should be promoted.     He also called for jointly tackling global challenges, such as climate change, environmental degradation, natural disasters and food security.     "No country can be insulated from these challenges or meet them on its own. The international community should intensify cooperation and respond to these challenges together," Wen said.     Wen, who is on a visit to Switzerland, traveled on Wednesday to Davos to attend the forum after meeting with President of the Swiss Confederation Hans-Rudolf Merz for talks on bilateral ties on Tuesday.     Switzerland is the first leg of Wen's European tour, which will later take him to Germany, the European Union headquarters, Spain and Britain.

BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- In the space of a year, Yang Chanjuan's career plan has changed direction. A soon-to-graduate college student in economics, Yang is feeling her fortunes being buffeted by the financial crisis.     Yang was recently told by her schoolmates already working in the financial sector that their companies would cut staff, or there would no bonus this year. Amid the turmoil and full of uncertainty, a job in banking or securities company was no longer desirable to her. As a result, she decided to apply for a government job. Yang's change in career plan came as the financial crisis is spreading around the world. As it is now beginning to hit the real economy, more and more people, not only those in banks, have lost their jobs.     International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated earlier that the financial crisis would cost 20 million jobs globally by the end of 2009. The ILO said the new projections could prove to be underestimates if the effects of the current economic turmoil are not quickly confronted and plans laid for the looming recession. Migrant workers fill in application forms at a job fair in Chongqing, southwest China on Jan. 1, 2008. International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated earlier that the financial crisis would cost 20 million jobs globally by the end of 2009.    In the birthplace of the crisis, the United States, big companies from Goldman Sachs to Coca Cola, Motorola to Alcoa, have all announced their job cut plans. Economists believed the jobless total could increase by 200,000.     Back to China, unemployment now becomes a concern too. Although with 2-trillion U.S. dollars of foreign reserves, a budget surplus and a controlled capital market, China would suffer limited direct impact from the crisis. However, weakening demand from its major markets, North America and Europe, is now leading China's real economy in the export sectors into a tough situation.     In China's coastal areas, export enterprises are now struggling with soaring labor cost and fewer orders from foreign customers. Many toy factories in South China's Guangdong Province were shut from January to July this year.     Earlier last month, two big factories of a Hong Kong listed toy-maker were shut. As a result, 7,000 workers lost their jobs. Affected by the global financial crisis, the company was suspended from trading thus it faced severe shortage of current funds.     Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce showed that China's export suffered a growth slowdown in the first three quarters compared with the same period last year -- from 27.1 percent to 22.3 percent. The government said the gross domestic product (GDP)growth rate in the first three quarters this year slowed to 9.9 percent - a 2.3 percentage points fall compared with the same period last year.     "The greatest impact is on these labor-intensive, small and medium-sized export enterprises," said Wang Dewen, a labor economist from China Academy of Social Sciences.     These export-oriented enterprises that make China the world's workshop, are mainly small and medium-sized and vulnerable to market changes. These are China's major employers, absorbing 70 percent of the aggregate 20-million new jobs every year.     Wang said that the lower-end labor market, especially the migrant workers who are the biggest source of employees in the export enterprises, would suffer from unemployment. As the crisis is now just beginning to hit the real economy, the whole situation could be worse if there is no countermeasure.     The fear of unemployment is also hovering over other places. College students and white-collar workers are now worried about their future in the open market.

 BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- China hopes to work with the United States to maintain a healthy and stable relationship which benefits the people of both countries and the world, said Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo on Wednesday.     "Sino-U.S. relations are at a crucial point linking the past to the future," Dai told the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John D. Negroponte, who was here to honor the 30th anniversary of Sino-U.S. relations.     Dai said China and the U.S. shared common interests and consolidated a strategic foundation. This paved the way for further development of the relationship.     He summarized four achievements in Sino-U.S. relations made during the Bush administration.     --The two countries confirmed the relationship as stakeholders and constructive cooperators.     --The two heads of state maintained frequent contacts.     --High-level strategic dialogues were institutionalized to promote mutual trust and cooperation.     --Cooperation in all areas deepened such as major international and regional issues.     "Sino-U.S. relations have made remarkable progress over the past three decades and this linked the two countries closely," Dai said.     Negroponte said both the U.S. and China were important countries in the world and needed more dialogue and cooperation to safeguard global security and stability.     The strategic dialogue and the strategic and economic dialogue were two effective mechanisms and should be continued, he said.