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BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Australia on Friday launched the first national study to find out whether low to moderate levels of alcohol drank by pregnant women are harmful or not to an unborn child, hoping to provide a clear indication about the safe amount of alcohol for pregnant women.The Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, which commissioned the study, is recruiting 2000 pregnant women who will be quizzed throughout their pregnancy about their drinking habits, general health and diets.Their babies will then undergo medical checks, when they turn one and again at two to see if their brains, development and behavior was affected by alcohol consumed by their mums.According to lead researcher associate professor, Jane Halliday, while there was solid evidence about the dangers of heavy drinking for an unborn baby, it was not known if there was a safe amount of alcohol pregnant women could drink.She said the study hoped to shed light on the best approach to alcohol use during pregnancy."The problem is that for about half of women that get pregnant it is unplanned, and a lot of women are drinking around the time they get pregnant and may drink for the first month or so and that creates a lot of anxiety," Assoc Prof Halliday said in a statement."From the few international and Australian studies there's conflicting evidence as to whether there's an adverse effect."We firmly believe that no drinking is the safest option, but our main aim is to provide an evidence base to the policy and answer questions about individual risks."The study came after research by the University of Newcastle published in 2010 revealed 80 percent of Australian women drank during pregnancy.

CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.

WELLINGTON, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Middle-aged women who wolf down their meals are much more likely to be overweight or obese than women who eat slower, New Zealand research has found.In what they claimed to be the first such nationwide study anywhere, Otago University researchers analyzed the relationship between self-reported speed of eating and body mass index (BMI) in more than 1,500 New Zealand women aged 40 to 50, an age group known to be at high risk of weight gain.The study by the university's department of human nutrition could lead to new and more successful methods of treating obesity, say the researchers.Study principal investigator Dr Caroline Horwath said that after adjusting for factors such as age, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity and menopause status, the researchers found that the faster women reported eating, the higher their BMI.Results from the two-year follow-up were expected to be published next year, and if analysis confirmed a causal relationship, the researchers would test interventions that focused on encouraging women to eat more slowly.

ROME, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- The 30th general assembly of the International Council for Science (ICSU) kicked off here on Tuesday to address key global challenges, featuring over 275 scientists and experts from all over the world.The goal of the four-day event, hosted for the first time in Rome by the National Research Center (CNR) as Italy's scientific member at ICSU, is to discuss how science can contribute to boosting sustainable development, fighting climate change, increasing well-being and health in the changing urban environment and tackling the side-effects of progress.At the official opening ceremony, CNR president Francesco Profumo stressed that scientific research was the key to solving all current crises."It's during times of crises that inventions, great strategies and discoveries are made," he said quoting Albert Einstein."Global cooperation is crucial in addressing society's needs. In the wake of the negative economic outlook we are witnessing research and technological transfer can turn into efficient instruments to guide countries towards a solid development giving us the tools to tackle with lucidity the great obstacles we face," observed Profumo.Appealing to both private and public institutions, Profumo thus urged to boost strategic partnerships between universities, governments and research centres."We must create a network of knowledge-sharing together with enterprises in order to multiply and better implement growth and well-being opportunities. But in order to do so concrete political decisions must be undertaken and financial resources are needed," he added.