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The 2019 Nobel Prize for Medicine has been jointly awarded to William Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter Ratcliffe and Gregg Semenza for their pioneering research into how human cells respond to changing oxygen levels.Announcing the prize at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm on Monday, the Nobel committee said that the trio's discoveries have paved the way for "promising new strategies to fight anaemia, cancer and many other diseases."The 2019 medicine laureates, the committee added, have identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.The importance of oxygen has long been established, the committee explained, but how cells adapt to changes in its levels remained unknown.Randall Johnson, prize committee member, described the trio's work as a "textbook discovery.""This is something basic biology students will be learning about when they study, at aged 12 or 13, or younger, biology and learn the fundamental ways cells work. This is a basic aspect of how a cell works and, from that standpoint alone, it's a very exciting thing."The winnersNew York-born Kaelin established his own research laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and became a full professor at Harvard Medical School in 2002.Semenza, also born in New York, became a full-time professor at Johns Hopkins University in 1999 and since 2003 has been the Director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.Ratcliffe, who was born in Lancashire, England, studied medicine at Cambridge University and established an independent research group at Oxford University, becoming a full professor in 1996. 1694

The clicket-clacks of dancing tap shoes have been a part of Gene GeBauer’s life for more than seven decades. These days, he uses a cane for assistance — something he says is sad, “but gee, I’m 85!”Despite the stick by his side, he still gets just as much joy as he did when he first set foot on the dance floor when he was 12 years old.“I danced so much that I just kept getting better and better and better,” GeBauer says from one of several studios in suburban Denver, Colorado, he teaches at.In fact, he was so good that he soon made his way to New York, landing parts in six of the biggest Broadway shows of the 60s and 70s.“I wanted to shout to everybody and say ‘I’m in a Broadway show!’” he says smiling. “I didn’t, but that’s how happy I was.”He danced alongside Carol Burnett in ‘Once Upon a Mattress,’ Julie Andrews in ‘Camelot,’ and Carol Channing in his favorite gig of all: ‘Hello, Dolly.’“’Hello, Dolly’ became, you know, a huge hit!” he says glowing. “That was the highlight of my life. That doesn’t really happen.”After having left New York to start a family, he eventually settled in Colorado where he’s still teaching tap. He says he’s slowing down, but his class schedule says otherwise.“I teach — ” he pauses to think. “Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday — five days a week.”And even though he will occasionally instruct from his chair — "I’m weak and get a little foggy sometimes” — seeing his students’ faces when they move is almost just as good. “That is a pleasure, to see them. They smile when they’re dancing, they’re happy.”“That is rewarding,” he says, smiling. 1619

The debate of whether to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been an ongoing issue in the country since 1977. As of 2017, the Republicans were successful in opening up drilling with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. If the Trump Administration completes its review, an auction for drilling leases could happen by the end of the year. However, indigenous groups are trying to fight this possibility, claiming the drilling threatens their way of life. Leasing in ANWR was blocked for four decades prior to this. According to Energywire, the oil-dependent state has suffered from the industry's decline, and waning production on the North Slope threatens the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) with a dwindling amount of oil that could fall below the minimum threshold to move. TAPS is both practically and symbolically central to the crude industry of Alaska.Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R) told Enerygywire in 2017, “Alaskans can now look forward to our best opportunity to refill the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, thousands of jobs that will pay better wages, and potentially billion in royalties for our state alone."However, indigenous groups continue to fight to protect ANWR, not only for their way of life, but for the animals as well. “I am part of a long line of people born into Gwich’in nation of Fort Yukon, Alaska,” says Bernadette Demientieff, an outspoken activist against the drilling.The Gwich’in are comprised of 14 different communities of about 9,000 people. Demientieff is from Fort Yukon, Alaska, which is just south of ANWR. She lives in Fairbanks, Alaska now, but keeps to her indigenous roots with her family. “We pick berries every summer,” Demientieff says, while cleaning blueberries with her daughter. “It’s something our ancestors did and survived off. So, it’s something that has been handed down to us. It’s part of our culture and history, and it’s important we pass that knowledge and education to the next generation.”Demientieff advocates against the drilling in the refuge, because that’s where the Gwich’in’s main source of food breeds.“We do not worship the caribou, but we hold them to high standards,” she says. “The caribou has sustained the Gwich’in for thousands of years. They’ve taken care of us for thousands of years. Now, it’s our turn to take care of them. Gwich’in have always taken care of the land – we are stewards of the land. So, if something happens to the land it happens to the animals, then it happens to us.” Fort Yukon consists of about 800 people according to the second Chief Mike Peter. “The wild life refuge is where life begins,” Peter says. “Not even a footprint is in there, that’s where caribou migrate and have their calves. People still do hunt and fish and live off the land, and if drilling were to happen it would hurt us all.”The arctic caribou population has declined by half since the 90s, from around 4 million to 2 million. The Gwich’in fear this development would decrease this number even more. “This is the remaining caribou,” Dementieff says. “You know the rest of the arctic is opened to oil and gas development, and all the caribou population have declined in that area. And they can’t tell us that our food security is going to be impacted when we see different."ANWR posses what many geologists believe is the biggest untapped oil field remaining in the country, with economic potential in the billions. The development could create tens of thousands of jobs in the first decade, and it has potential of making the country more energy dependent. The effort could keep the state’s economy alive as well. However, the Gwich’in believe the cost of wildlife and their way of life is too high. “We are not going to give up,” Dementieff says. “We’re going to continue to go to the decision makers in DC.” 3839

The news is out! Edge is the name for the Observation Deck at Hudson Yards. Get on the list: https://t.co/9WxbE2QRJB #HelloHudsonYards #SeeYouAtHudsonYards pic.twitter.com/slbww1FguI— Hudson Yards NYC (@_HudsonYardsNYC) March 7, 2019 245

The Cherokee Nation has named an official representative to Congress for the first time.Kimberly Teehee, executive director of government relations for the Cherokee Nation, was approved by the Council of the Cherokee Nation as a delegate to the US House of Representatives on Thursday, fulfilling a promise made to the tribe in a nearly 200-year-old treaty with the federal government.A former senior policy adviser for Native American Affairs during President Barack Obama's administration, she was nominated by Chuck Hoskin Jr., chief principal of the Cherokee Nation. She is also a former senior adviser to the US House Native American Caucus Co-Chair former Rep. Dale Kildee and has held various positions within the Cherokee Nation.The treaty doesn't specify if Teehee would be a voting member of the legislature, and her appointment requires congressional approval. But Hoskin said her role may be similar to those who represent Washington, DC, and five US territories -- Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the US Virgin Islands and the Northern Mariana islands -- who can't vote on the House floor but can introduce legislation, vote in their respective committees and debate on the floor.Teehee said in a statement to CNN on Tuesday she is "humbled" to be nominated for an "extraordinary responsibility" and is grateful for an opportunity to serve the Cherokee Nation."This journey is just beginning and we have a long way to go to see this through to fruition," she said. "However, a Cherokee Nation delegate to Congress is a negotiated right that our ancestors advocated for, and today, our tribal nation is stronger than ever and ready to defend all our constitutional and treaty rights. It's just as important in 2019 as it was in our three treaties."Teehee's historic nomination stems from a 1835 Treaty of New Echota in which the Cherokee were forced to leave their homes in the Southeast and go to present-day Oklahoma in exchange for money and other compensation. Nearly 4,000 citizens of the tribe died from disease, starvation and exhaustion on the journey known today as the Trail of Tears. As a way to compensate the tribe, the US government promised them a delegate in the House of Representatives.Hoskin Jr. said Teehee is "extremely qualified" for the position and, through her nomination, the Cherokee Nation is "exercising our treaty rights and strengthening our sovereignty.""We know this is just the beginning and there is much work ahead, but we are being thorough in terms of implementation and ask our leaders in Washington to work with us through this process and on legislation that provides the Cherokee Nation with the delegate to which we are lawfully entitled," he said in a statement to CNN on Tuesday.Victoria Vazquez, deputy speaker of the council, said Teehee's political experience made her confirmation as delegate an "easy decision.""Ms. Teehee has a wealth of experience working in Washington, DC with representatives from both sides of the aisle. She also has a storied career of advocating and working on issues for both the Cherokee Nation and Indian Country in general," Vazquez said. "These two attributes make her appointment as the first-ever delegate an easy decision and I am happy to support her nomination and Chief Hoskin's efforts to exercise our treaty rights." 3331

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