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WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- Beijing will offer residents 20,000 rental bikes this year to ease the city's notorious traffic jams, according to authorities with the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.Five hundred rental kiosks will be set up around the city to offer residents over 20,000 rental bikes, the commission said.Beijing has also proposed creating new bike lanes in some areas, including main streets, historical and cultural conservation areas and some major business districts, from 2011 to 2015, according to the commission.The capital city currently has about 5 million vehicles on its roads, leading to serious traffic congestion that frustrates the city's residents on a daily basis."A lack of bike lanes is the reason why I refuse to ride a bike. Bikes and vehicles are using the same lanes, and that frightens me and makes me feel unsafe," said Beijing resident Song Tao.People often park cars on the city's existing bike lanes, pushing cyclists onto the vehicles' lanes, said Song.To ease traffic congestion, Beijing has made various efforts to encourage people to opt for modes of public transportation.On Dec. 31, Beijing opened three new subway lines, bringing the number of subway lines in Beijing to 15, with a total length of 372 kilometers, said Beijing Metro Spokesman Jia Peng.Beijing will open four more subway lines in 2012, according to information released at a rail transit construction mobilization conference.Amid other measures to ease traffic in 2011, city authorities decided to allow only 240,000 vehicles to be registered annually, slashing the new car registrations by two-thirds from the 2010 level.Meanwhile, vehicles are banned from roads one day each week according to license plate numbers.

JIUQUAN/BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced early Tuesday that the launch of Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft was successful.The spacecraft was sent into the designated orbit after the blastoff at 5:58 a.m. from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest Gobi desert, carried by an upgraded Long March-2F rocket.It is heading for rendezvous with Tiangong-1, or "the Heavenly Palace" that was put into space on Sept. 29 for the country's first space docking.The move, if successful, will pave the way for China to operate a permanent space station around 2020 and make the nation the world's third to do so.The combined photo taken on Nov. 1, 2011 shows the blast-off of a modified model of the Long March CZ-2F rocket carrying the unmanned spacecraft Shenzhou-8 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province. Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced that the launch of the spacecraft was successful.Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang viewed the launch at the Jiuquan center. The launch was also observed on site by senior officials from the European Space Agency and the German Aerospace Center.The docking is scheduled to occur within two days after the launch of Shenzhou-8 and at a height of 343 km above the Earth's surface. It will return to the Earth after two docking tryouts.Chinese and German scientists will conduct 17 life science space experiments on the Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou-8, Wu Ping, spokeswoman for China's manned space program, said Monday.To ensure the success of the mission, Chinese space engineers have made "considerable modifications" on Shenzhou-8 to previous versions of the spacecraft.Shenzhou-8, with a length of nine meters and a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters, has a liftoff weight of 8.082 tonnes."More than half of the 600 or so sets of equipment have been modified, while newly designed devices account for about 15 percent of the total," Wu said.The modifications were mainly aimed at arming the spacecraft with automatic and manual rendezvous and docking capacities, and enhancing the vehicle's performance, safety and reliability, Wu said."After the improvements, the spacecraft will be able to connect with the target spacecraft Tiangong-1 for 180 days," Wu said.The unmanned spacecraft is also equipped with devices for recording real images and mechanical parameters during its flight, to test the space docking before a manned attempt.Once China has mastered the technologies of rendezvous and docking, it will be equipped with the basic technologies and capacity required for building a space station, said Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program.Tuesday's mission will be followed by launches of spaceships Shenzhou-9 and -10 in 2012, which are also expected to dock with Tiangong-1. "At least one mission of the two will be manned," Wu said.The crew members, including probably two female astronauts, have already been selected for the possible manual space docking mission in 2012 and are being trained for manual docking skills.The space docking tests and experiments will provide crucial experience of China's construction of a 60-tonne permanent manned space station around 2020 when Chinese astronauts are expected to operate more research projects in space."It will make it possible for China to carry out space exploration of a larger scale," Zhou said.

NANJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called for the country to maintain confidence that it can weather challenges amid a "complicated and tough" outlook of economic development."As in 2008, we are now encountering difficulties which can be overcome through hard work," Wen said during his tour to eastern Jiangsu province on Sunday and Monday.Elaborating on the grim situation, Wen said the growth of China's exports has been slowing and the pace of the slowdown has accelerated, especially in the past three months. Meanwhile, the profit margin of the country's manufacturing industry has been squeezed and some enterprises have even fallen into the red.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) talks to staff members in a small loan company for rural areas in Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Suzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Dec. 19, 2011. Wen Jiabao made an inspection tour in Jiangsu on Dec. 18 and 19. He noted that the country is also facing shrinking external demand, rising costs and pressure from both slowing economic growth and high inflation, which makes macro-economic regulation more difficult.Despite emerging challenges, however, the current momentum of China's economic development is "generally good," Wen said.China's economic growth has been slowing all year but remains above the global average. Its GDP growth slowed to 9.1 percent in the third quarter from 9.5 percent in the second quarter and 9.7 percent in the first quarter.To tackle the challenges, Wen said the country will boost domestic demand while stabilizing external demand and keep its export policies such as export tax rebates "basically stable" in the coming year.Efforts should also be made to enhance domestic enterprises' competitiveness, promote the transfer of industry to the country's western regions, and develop the international market, especially in emerging economies, he said.He said China will stick to, and further improve upon, the opening-up policy and welcome foreign enterprises to invest in the country, adding that the country will protect intellectual property rights and implement a fair and open bidding approach in terms of government procurement.Wen also demanded efforts be made to encourage private investment in sectors such as railways, public facilities, finance, energy, education and health-care.Furthermore, he urged banks to take concrete action in better serving the real economy and asked financial institutions to enhance support for enterprises while improving management in order to control the capital bubble and prevent risks.Wen said the southern parts of Jiangsu should engage in a comprehensive development strategy to build the province into a forefront of the country's opening-up drive.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 28 (Xinhua) -- People with diets high in several vitamins or in omega 3 fatty acids are less likely to have the brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's disease than people whose diets are not high in those nutrients, according to a new study published on Wednesday in the online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Those with diets high in omega 3 fatty acids and in vitamins C, D, E and the B vitamins also had higher scores on mental thinking tests than people with diets low in those nutrients. These omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin D are primarily found in fish. The B vitamins and antioxidants C and E are primarily found in fruits and vegetables.In another finding, the study showed that people with diets high in trans fats were more likely to have brain shrinkage and lower scores on the thinking and memory tests than people with diets low in trans fats. Trans fats are primarily found in packaged, fast, fried and frozen food, baked goods and margarine spreads.The study involved 104 people with an average age of 87 and very few risk factors for memory and thinking problems. Blood tests were used to determine the levels of various nutrients present in the blood of each participant. All of the participants also took tests of their memory and thinking skills. A total of 42 of the participants had MRI scans to measure their brain volume. Overall, the participants had good nutritional status, but seven percent were deficient in vitamin B12 and 25 percent were deficient in vitamin D.Study author Gene Bowman, of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, said that the nutrient biomarkers in the blood accounted for a significant amount of the variation in both brain volume and thinking and memory scores. For the thinking and memory scores, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 17 percent of the variation in the scores. For brain volume, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 37 percent of the variation."These results need to be confirmed, but obviously it is very exciting to think that people could potentially stop their brains from shrinking and keep them sharp by adjusting their diet," Bowman said.