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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

California Attorney General Xavier Becerra and top education leaders in the state announced Thursday that California was suing the Trump administration in an attempt to stop a directive that would force international students to leave the country should their schools conduct classes exclusively online.Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced on Monday that students on F-1 and M-1 visas would either need to leave the country or transfer to a school where in-person classes were taking place or else face deportation."Shame on the Trump Administration for risking not only the education opportunities for students who earned the chance to go to college, but now their health and well-being as well," Becerra said in a press release. "Today, President Trump appears set to do just that — amidst a global pandemic of historic proportions. Not on our watch."Becerra was joined in the lawsuit by the chancellors of both the state's university and community college systems.California is the first state to file a lawsuit against the directive. Harvard and MIT filed lawsuits against the administration earlier this week.NBC News reports that there were more than 40,000 international undergraduate and graduate students during the 2019 fall semester.According to NAFSA: Association of International Educators, international students contributed billion to the U.S. GDP during the 2018-19 school year. 1422

California will end the cash bail system in a sweeping reform for the state. Rather than requiring defendants to pay in order to be released before trial, their release will hinge on an assessment of their risk to public safety."Today, California reforms its bail system so that rich and poor alike are treated fairly," Gov. Jerry Brown said in a statement.Brown signed the bill Tuesday, and the new law goes into effect October 1, 2019.Critics have long contended that the money bail system perpetuates inequality. While some people are able to quickly get out of jail by posting bail, people who aren't able to afford it sit in jail until the court takes action, or until they work with a bail bond agent to secure their freedom, which can leave them in debt."Abolishing money bail and replacing it with a risk-based system will enhance justice and safety. For too long, our system has allowed the wealthy to purchase their freedom regardless of their risk, while the poor who pose no danger languish in jail," said Assemblymember Rob Bonta, one the lawmakers who introduced the bill, in a statement.Under the new law, a pretrial assessment would be done by either court employees or a local public agency that has been contracted to determine a defendant's risk. That entity would assess the likelihood that the person will not appear in court or commit a new crime while released, and would make a recommendation for conditions of release. The pretrial assessment services will not release a person arrested for violent felonies.The California Money Bail Reform Act, also known as Senate Bill 10, passed in the State Senate with a vote of 26-12, and the General Assembly by 42-31."SB 10 puts all Californians on equal footing before the law and makes public safety the only consideration in pretrial detention. This critical reform is long overdue," Toni Atkins, Senate president pro tempore, said in a statement.But the ACLU in California expressed disappointment over the bill, saying it "is not the model for pretrial justice and racial equity that California should strive for.""It cannot guarantee a substantial reduction in the number of Californians detained while awaiting trial, nor does it sufficiently address racial bias in pretrial decision making," said the three executive directors of the California ACLU affiliates, Abdi Soltani (Northern California), Hector Villagra (Southern California) and Norma Chávez Peterson (San Diego & Imperial Counties). "Indeed, key provisions of the new law create significant new risks and problems."The organization pulled its support for the bill earlier this month as the it underwent changes in the state legislature. 2705

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) - A North County 7th grade teacher is the SDCCU Classroom Hero for the month of June.This social studies instructor has a knack for engaging students by asking them to step into the shoes of those they're learning about."Now, when we look at America, it's a little different here right?" Joe Heath queries his social studies class at Aviara Oaks Middle School in Carlsbad.Heath has been teaching for more than 30 years, and this day has his 7th graders focused on pre-20th century Japanese culture."Most of the marriages were actually arranged," Heath explains to one student. "Your Mom or your Dad choosing your spouse. How would you feel about that?" For Coach Heath, as his students like to call him, Social Studies is about connecting and empathizing with people who lived through a different time and culture - not simply memorizing abstract names and dates. "I don't take that approach." said Heath, "In large part because I don't remember those names or those dates. I'm really good with remembering concepts and how people dealt with difficulties historically....and those same difficulties we face today.""It's not just absorbing facts where you write it down and then say it later," said student Rylan Hoffius. "It's actually talking about it and understanding the deeper meanings of it." Coach Heath's lectures are like conversations as he prompts his students to take part. "With many little strokes, a large tree is felled. What does that mean?""He knows every one of his kids." said Aviara Principal Rose Flowers. She says Heath's approach resonates so well with students, discussions often continue outside the classroom. And as students relate to their study subjects, their bond also grows with their teacher."We as adults, when we make those strong connections, which Coach Heath does, it reconnects these kids to that familiar figure that an adult can be trusted," said Flowers. "You can connect with them and work hard for them. And those kids will work hard for him."For June, we honor Joseph Heath as a Classroom Hero. SDCCU is proudly honoring local teachers through SDCCU Classroom Heroes, launched in partnership with iHeartMedia, Inc. San Diego. Teachers, students, parents and the community are encouraged to nominate a deserving teacher by visiting sdccu.com/classroomheroes . 2338

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) — NASA announced partnerships Tuesday, including one with Carlsbad business Vulcan Wireless, to advance Moon and Mars technology.Thirteen U.S. companies will work with NASA to fast-track "space technologies and help maintain American leadership in space." You may know the name Vulcan Wireless because their transceivers about the size of your hand are helping NASA map the universe. "Of course we're the communication link so the images that come in they get transmitted through our radio waves," Kevin Lynaugh, Founder of Vulcan Wireless, said.ASTERIA launched in 2017, "ASTERIA (Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research in Astrophysics) is a technology demonstration and opportunistic science mission to conduct astrophysical measurements using a CubeSat." Basically the telescope uses light to map stars and planets.That was their biggest project to date. Now NASA hopes their partnership will help increase connectivity for deeper space missions."When you have a spacecraft floating out there, if you don't have a data link it's a brick right? So we provide the communications," Lynaugh explained it's similar to how your Wifi modem works at home.In Vulcan Wireless's Lab, you'll find the same technology NASA uses."When we close this thing down and we lock it we're able to pump all the air out of it so we can simulate space environment with this," Lynaugh said. They have a machine that simulates heat, extreme vibrations, a vacuum among other equipment.All this to ensure their equipment is prepared for space. The transceiver is equipped with rechargeable batteries, fueled by solar panels, and compact, making it ideal for NASA, military and commercial projects. Lynaugh launched Vulcan Wireless in 1993. His passion was instilled by his father throughout his youth. He still remembers how his dad built a TV in the living room like it was yesterday.The next step Lynaugh sees is increasing connectivity around the globe, a little closer to home, but still while using space technology. 2033