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As a 58-year-old woman on disability, Robin Short of Wallingford, Connecticut, relies on her tax refund to catch up on bills. She filed her return electronically in February, opting for direct deposit so she could get her 3 refund quickly.She’s still waiting, as are millions of others. The IRS is slowly resuming operations after pandemic-related lockdowns, but delayed refunds are devastating some people’s finances.Tax refunds have become a lifelineTax refunds, which last year averaged ,979, are the largest single infusion of cash for about 30% of U.S. families, says Fiona Greig, consumer research director at the JPMorgan Chase Institute, which researches economic issues. While many Americans use refunds to save or to pay down debt, significant numbers rely on the money to cover bills or to get needed medical care — and that was true even before millions lost jobs and income during the COVID-19 pandemic.Delayed refunds can lead to evictions, hunger, creditor lawsuits and health problems from postponed medical care, among other ill effects. Many households live so close to the edge that they can experience hardship when a refund is delayed by two or three weeks, let alone several months, says John Thompson, chief program officer for the Financial Health Network, which researches financial challenges facing low- and moderate-income households.“Not everybody has got the kind of flexibility or resilience to just be able to hold on,” Thompson says.Pandemic shutters most IRS operationsThe IRS started shutting down tax return processing centers in March, along with its taxpayer help line, local offices and volunteer assistance programs. Soon after, it focused on sending out more than 159 million payments as authorized by the coronavirus relief package. By mid-May, the agency faced a backlog of 10 million pieces of unopened mail, including paper tax returns.People who filed electronically generally got their refunds unless those returns were flagged, commonly because of identity theft concerns or a mismatch between the information on the return and what was provided by employers or financial institutions.In Short’s case, the TurboTax software she used counted a ,800 annual pension payment twice, as both 1099 income and as W-2 income. The IRS sent her a letter about the error and advised her not to contact the agency for 60 days while the issue was resolved. Then, the lockdowns happened.Short says her pension and monthly Social Security disability checks don’t cover her expenses. She makes arrangements to pay overdue bills, such as her power bill, when her refund arrives. Otherwise, she says, the math of living on a low fixed income gets grim.“Either you miss a payment on the electric bill, or you don’t get your medicine,” says Short, a former facilities manager and insulin-dependent diabetic who was severely injured when her car was hit by a drunk driver.Using refunds to catch upPutting off bills, then using tax refunds to catch up, is a common practice among strapped households, Thompson says. A survey of people who used free filing methods for lower- and moderate-income taxpayers last year found roughly half said they needed their refunds for bills, rent, groceries and other everyday expenses, according to Prosperity Now, a nonprofit that promotes financial security.People also increase their health care spending significantly after refund checks arrive. A 2018 study of 1.2 million checking account holders found health care spending rose 60% in the week after people received refunds, indicating many were catching up on care, Greig says.It’s not clear how long it will take the IRS to address the backlog or when taxpayers can expect their money. People can try using the “Where’s My Refund?” tool on the IRS site or call the taxpayer help line, but getting through to a human is difficult even in normal times. Congress has cut the IRS’ budget by 20% since 2010, leading to a 22% reduction in staff, according to acting National Taxpayer Advocate Bridget Roberts. Without adequate staff, the agency answered less than one-third of its calls last year. Another option is to contact the Taxpayer Advocate Service, which has representatives in each state.Rather than wait for the IRS to return their money each year, taxpayers can adjust their withholding so they get more money in their paychecks. But many don’t feel comfortable changing their withholding in case they wind up owing big sums, Thompson says.“You’d have to predict how the year is going to go,” Thompson says. “And what could we possibly predict about this year?”This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by The Associated Press.Liz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 4782

Americans will soon have one more alternative to Obamacare, thanks to the Trump administration.Officials Tuesday proposed regulations that will make it easier to obtain coverage through short-term health insurance plans by allowing insurers to sell policies that last just under a year. The new rules stem from an executive order President Donald Trump signed in October aimed at boosting competition, giving consumers more choices and lowering premiums."Americans need more choices in health insurance so they can find coverage that meets their needs," said Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar. "The status quo is failing too many Americans who face skyrocketing costs and fewer and fewer choices. The Trump Administration is taking action so individuals and families have access to quality, affordable healthcare that works for them."The proposal would reverse an Obama administration decision to limit the duration of short-term health plans to no more than 90 days in order to make them less attractive.Such plans could roil the Obamacare market, drawing healthier consumers away from the exchanges and pushing up the premiums for those who remain.Short-term health plans, which have been available for years and were originally designed to fill a temporary gap in coverage, are likely to be cheaper than Obamacare policies. But that's because they don't have to adhere to Obamacare's consumer protections, allowing them to do such things as exclude those with pre-existing conditions and base rates on applicants' medical history.Also, they don't have to offer comprehensive coverage. Typically, short-term policies don't provide free preventative care or maternity, prescription drugs and mental health benefits. They can also impose annual or lifetime limits, meaning they may only pay out a set amount -- often million or less -- leaving the policyholder on the hook for the rest. And, unlike Obamacare policies, they don't have to cap consumers' cost-sharing burden at ,350 for 2018.Young and healthy folks may like these plans because they come with lower monthly premiums. But those who actually need care could find themselves having to pay more out of pocket for treatment and medications. In fact, some consumers with these plans have complained that they've been hit with unexpected expenses.Also, insurers aren't required to renew the policies so those who become sick could find themselves unable to sign up again for the same plan."People who buy short-term policies today in order to reduce their monthly premiums take a risk that, if they do need medical care, they could be left with uncovered bills and/or find themselves uninsurable under such plans in the future," wrote Karen Pollitz, senior fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation, in a recent policy brief.Have you ever had a short-term insurance policy? What was your experience? Tell us about it here.Consumers today can find short-term plans that cost as little as 20% of the least expensive Obamacare plan, according to Pollitz.In its announcement about the proposed rules, the Trump administration said short-term policies are designed to fill a temporary gap in coverage. It will require insurers to notify consumers that the plans are not required to comply with all of Obamacare's mandates.The administration will accept comments on the proposed rule for the next 60 days.Those with short-term policies are not considered insured under the Affordable Care Act and are subject to the penalty for not having coverage. But this will not be an issue after this year since Congress effectively eliminated the individual mandate -- which requires nearly all Americans to be insured or pay a penalty -- starting in 2019 as part of its tax overhaul bill.The proposed regulations are the latest step in the Trump administration's quest to weaken Obamacare. Last month, officials unveiled a proposed rule that would make it easier for small businesses -- and some self-employed folks -- to band together and buy health insurance. That proposal also stemmed from Trump's executive order and is designed to broaden access to what are known as association health plans.  4169

American soybean farmers are still waiting to see the benefit of President Donald Trump's trade truce with China.The President said Tuesday that China is "back in the market" to buy American soybeans -- but farmers said that was the first they had heard of any change since July, when China retaliated against new American tariffs by blocking imports of US agricultural products."I've heard rumors that they're going to buy our beans and put them in reserve, but I don't see ships sitting in our ports to haul them to China yet," said John Heisdorffer, an Iowa soybean grower and chairman of the American Soybean Association, on Wednesday."I hate to say it this way, but everything so far has been talk. The reality is, you want to see something before you actually feel good about it," he added.Another Iowa soybean grower, Dustin Sage, also told CNN Wednesday that he hadn't "heard anything concrete yet" about new orders from China.Soybean farmers have been hit hard by the US-China trade dispute. Exports to China, which was the biggest market for American farmers last year, slowed dramatically after July when Beijing imposed tariffs on US products in retaliation to Trump's duties on Chinese goods.Trump told Reuters in an interview late Tuesday that China was beginning to buy soybeans immediately."I just heard today that they're buying tremendous amounts of soybeans. They are starting, just starting now," he said an interview.The newswire reported that Chinese state-owned companies bought at least 0 million of soybeans on Wednesday.Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed to a temporary truce?on December 1 after meeting at the G20 summit in Argentina. At the time, Trump said Beijing committed to increasing purchases of agricultural products, but offered few details about how much they would buy or when.Farmers, who don't sell soybeans overseas directly, may not be the first to know about new orders from abroad. The US Soybean Export Council, which represents shippers and merchandisers, could not immediately be reached on Wednesday.Government data due to be published Thursday could show whether soybeans shipments to China increased during the week after Trump and Xi's meeting.The Farm Bureau has estimated that soybean exports to China are down 97% this year. Prices for a bushel of soybeans fell by after the tariffs went into place.The Trump administration has offered an emergency aid package to farmers hurt by tariffs. In September, about .6 billion was allocated for soybean farmers specifically. But the American Soybean Association said it would only "partially offset" the losses farmers will see this year.At the time, the USDA said it could release a second round of aid before the end of the year, but farmers are still waiting to hear if it will come through.Farmers are worried that some of the trade lost to China will never come back, because buyers will have already found new producers in other countries."Every little bit helps this year. But in the long term, we would rather have trade and an open market," Sage said. 3130

Amid the coronavirus pandemic, Thanksgiving this year is bound to look a bit different than in years past.When it comes to holiday gatherings, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends you eat with people you already live with by having a small dinner or having a virtual feast.According to Numerator, a market research firm, 70% of Americans polled that they were doing Thanksgiving differently this year.According to the New York Times, consumer surveys by Butterball and Hormel Foods also saw its customers celebrating the holiday with smaller gatherings.In turn, this has many grocery store chains approaching the holiday differently by selling smaller turkeys this year to accommodate consumers.According to CNN, chains like Walmart, Giant Eagle, and Stew Leonard's are either selling smaller birds or boneless turkey breasts. 861

As mandatory face coverings become more and more common, keep in mind, some are better at protecting from viruses than others.When issuing their face covering guidelines, San Francisco specifically called out masks with one-way valves designed for “easier breathing”, warning that they allow for droplets to get out of the mask and potentially endanger others nearby. These valves are usually about the size of a coin on the side of the mask.The CDC, and many other health departments and officials, urge wearing a mask to prevent the spread of the coronavirus because it can be spread through respiratory droplets. Those droplets are produced into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, sings, chants, shouts, etc. They can then land on other people nearby or be inhaled by others.The CDC recommends people wear a cloth face covering in public settings, to reduce the transmission of droplets into the air.“There are no high quality studies regarding the use of masks with additional types of various filters placed in them or with ‘breathing valves.’ While widely marketed with various claims, these have not been studied at all and it is unclear if they help or hurt the overall filtration efficacy against microorganisms,” read a statement from Marc Sala, M.D., Assistant Professor of medicine in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine.People are being asked to leave N95 masks (without a valve) and surgical masks available for medical staff and essential personnel who are coming into daily contact with many infected patients.An N95 mask with an exhalation valve is not recommended because unfiltered air is sent through the valve and into the air, potentially carrying coronavirus droplets. “The presence of an exhalation valve reduces exhalation resistance, which makes it easier to breathe (exhale). Some users feel that a respirator with an exhalation valve keeps the face cooler and reduces moisture build up inside the facepiece. However, respirators with exhalation valves should not be used in situations where a sterile field must be maintained…” according to the CDC’s website.Dr. Sala said testing has shown things like multiple layers of cotton fabric is better than a single layer, material of a higher thread count is more effective, and overall, “these studies emphasized the notion that if a mask doesn’t have a good fit (has gaps) its effectiveness is dramatically reduced.” Dr. Sala said even if the cloth mask is not ideal, it can still play a major role in preventing illness as more masks are worn by the population as a whole.Bottom line, choose a fabric face covering that fits and is comfortable around your ears or head, and keep it on while in public, especially when social distancing is not possible, to protect you and the people around you. 2864

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