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WASHINGTON, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Intake of high levels of folate, a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in food, may reduce colorectal cancer risk, according to a new study published Tuesday in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute. "We found that all forms and sources of folate were associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer," said lead author Victoria Stevens, of the American Cancer Society. "The strongest association was with total folate, which suggests that total folate intake is the best measure to define exposure to this nutrient because it encompasses all forms and sources."Total folate includes naturally occurring food folate and folic acid from fortified foods and dietary supplements.The research team investigated the association between folate intake and colorectal cancer among 99,523 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort; a total of 1,023 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1999 and 2007, a period entirely after folate fortification began. Neither higher nor lower risk was observed during the first two years of follow-up (1999 to 2001), while associations were statistically significantly inverse for the subsequent years (2002 to 2007). The findings of this study add to the epidemiologic evidence that high folate intake reduces colorectal cancer incidence.Folates are essential nutrients needed to make components used for functions required for normal cell growth, including DNA synthesis and repair. Because these processes are critical for cell growth and differentiation, the relationship between folate intake and cancer development has been investigated in several cancers, and most extensively in colorectal cancer.
LONDON, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- A British publisher on Thursday issued an "unauthorized autobiography" of the founder of the controversial Wikileaks website Julian Assange.Assange became a global figure after he published 250,000 secret United States diplomatic cables on his Wikileaks website, which became a serious embarrassment to the American government.He was then accused by two women of rape when he was in Sweden. Swedish police said they wanted to question him, and issued a European Arrest Warrant in 2010 for him.Assange, 40, denies the allegations and surrendered himself to police in London at the end of 2010, and the Swedish authorities applied for his extradition to face questioning.Assange fought the extradition bid in the English courts, fearing that he could face further extradition from Sweden to the United States where he could face criminal charges related to the publishing of the secret cables, but failed.He appealed against the extradition ruling in July and a final decision on the case will be made by senior English judges, probably before Christmas.Assange agreed to cooperate with Edinburgh-based publisher Canongate in publishing an autobiography and had 50 hours of interviews with a ghostwriter between January and March this year, while he was on bail awaiting an outcome of the extradition hearings.He received a 500,000 pound advance (about 768,000 U.S. dollars) for the book.Publisher's spokesman Liz Sich told Xinhua Thursday, "It's an unauthorized autobiography -- it is his words. He was contracted to write his autobiography in December; a ghostwriter was assigned to it, approved by the publisher and Julian and an intense amount of work was done in the first three months of 2011. The first draft was delivered on schedule at the end of March. After that there was an hiatus and nothing happened; in June Julian decided he wanted to tear up the contract."Assange has opposed publication, but Sich said, "It is very much Julian's words, it is written in the first person. He didn't want it to be published but he was in breach of his contract. He couldn't pay the advance back because he had used it to pay his lawyers."The book is available only in English at the moment, but a Dutch publisher and a Turkish publisher said they would print translations in their languages, and other foreign language editions are also likely.

BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."
WELLINGTON, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Middle-aged women who wolf down their meals are much more likely to be overweight or obese than women who eat slower, New Zealand research has found.In what they claimed to be the first such nationwide study anywhere, Otago University researchers analyzed the relationship between self-reported speed of eating and body mass index (BMI) in more than 1,500 New Zealand women aged 40 to 50, an age group known to be at high risk of weight gain.The study by the university's department of human nutrition could lead to new and more successful methods of treating obesity, say the researchers.Study principal investigator Dr Caroline Horwath said that after adjusting for factors such as age, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity and menopause status, the researchers found that the faster women reported eating, the higher their BMI.Results from the two-year follow-up were expected to be published next year, and if analysis confirmed a causal relationship, the researchers would test interventions that focused on encouraging women to eat more slowly.
BEIJING, Sept. 21 (Xinhuanet) -- China will launch an unmanned module next week, paving the way for a planned space station, a spokesman for the space program said on Tuesday.Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace 1", will blast off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province between Sept 27 and 30, the spokesman said.The 8.5-ton module, and the Long March II-F rocket that will carry it skyward, were positioned onto the launch pad on Tuesday, signaling that the project has entered the final preparation stage."Scientists will conduct final tests in the next few days before injecting propellants for the launch," Cui Jijun, director of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, said.The program spokesman said that Tiangong-1 will serve as "a target spacecraft" for rendezvous and docking experiments.It will also work as "a platform to test long-term unmanned and short-term manned operations", he said.Technical and medical experiments will provide crucial data ahead of the building of the space station (scheduled for 2020).Three rendezvous and docking experiments will be conducted.An unmanned Shenzhou-VIII craft will be launched later this year to dock with Tiangong-1. In 2012, Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X will blast off to complete at least one manned docking.Jiao Weixin, a space scientist at Peking University, said that rendezvous and docking - vital maneuvers for manned programs - are hard to master."Rendezvous and docking are difficult because it is like asking two racing cars to keep a distance of 1 meter between them," he said.The mission requires two craft, traveling at speeds of 28,000 km/h, to enter the same orbit and connect with precision, he said.The China Manned Space Engineering Office rescheduled the launch of Tiangong-1 after the failed launch of an experimental orbiter last month.The spokesman said that the carrier rocket to blast off with Tiangong-1 atop has been modified.Only the United States and Russia have mastered rendezvous and docking technology, said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine Space International.Spacecraft developed by Europe and Japan have utilized US and Russian technology to dock with the International Space Station, he added.
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