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WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

WASHINGTON, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Observations from NASA's Voyager spacecraft suggest the edge of our solar system may not be smooth, but filled with a turbulent sea of magnetic bubbles, the U.S. space agency said Thursday in a statement.While using a new computer model to analyze Voyager data, scientists found the sun's distant magnetic field is made up of bubbles approximately 100 million miles wide. The bubbles are created when magnetic field lines reorganize. The new model suggests the field lines are broken up into self-contained structures disconnected from the solar magnetic field. The findings are described Thursday in the Astrophysical Journal.Like Earth, our sun has a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole. The field lines are stretched outward by the solar wind or a stream of charged particles emanating from the star that interacts with material expelled from others in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy.The Voyager spacecraft, more than nine billion miles away from Earth, are traveling in a boundary region. In that area, the solar wind and magnetic field are affected by material expelled from other stars in our corner of the Milky Way galaxy."The sun's magnetic field extends all the way to the edge of the solar system," said astronomer Merav Opher of Boston University. "Because the sun spins, its magnetic field becomes twisted and wrinkled, a bit like a ballerina's skirt. Far, far away from the sun, where the Voyagers are, the folds of the skirt bunch up."Understanding the structure of the sun's magnetic field will allow scientists to explain how galactic cosmic rays enter our solar system and help define how the star interacts with the rest of the galaxy.So far, much of the evidence for the existence of the bubbles originates from an instrument aboard the spacecraft that measures energetic particles. Investigators are studying more information and hoping to find signatures of the bubbles in the Voyager magnetic field data."We are still trying to wrap our minds around the implications of the findings," said University of Maryland physicist Jim Drake, one of Opher's colleagues.Launched in 1977, the Voyager twin spacecraft have been on a 33- year journey. They are en route to reach the edge of interstellar space. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the spacecraft and continues to operate them.

CANBERRA, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- As many as a quarter of Australian women have experienced some form of assault or sexual abuse, and the higher proportion of the abuse, the higher rates of metal illness a woman tends to suffer from, a new study released on Wednesday found.Researchers from the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales conducted the study survey of 4451 Australian women aged 16 to 85. It looked at their experience of the four most common types of gender-based violence - sexual assault, rape, stalking and being badly beaten by their partners.About 15 percent of Australian women report sexual assault, while eight percent report rape, 10 percent said they have a stalker and eight percent report being beaten by their partner.It found strong links between those four types of violence and mental health problems including attempted suicide, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.Among the women who experienced at least one form of violence, 30 percent had a mood disorder, nearly 40 percent an anxiety disorder, 23 percent were abusing substances and 15 percent were affected by posttraumatic stress syndrome.For the women who suffered higher levels of violence, the rates of anxiety disorders was 77 percent, 52 percent for mood disorders, substance abuse 47 percent and posttraumatic stress syndrome 56 percent.More than six percent of women experienced one form of violent had attempted suicide, compared to 35 percent of women who suffered at least three forms of violence.Public health expert Dr Susan Rees from the University of New South Wales' school of psychiatry, who led the research, said she is especially concerned about the suicide rate of women who are abused."What we found was that there's a high association or a strong association between exposure to gender-based violence and all the three broad classes of mental disorder - so that includes mood, anxiety, substance abuse - and a very high association with attempted suicide," she said in the report released on Wednesday."Women who've not experienced gender-based violence have about a 1.6 percent rate of attempted suicide and that increased to six percent of women who had experienced one type of gender-based violence."She said that gender-based violence was also associated with physical disability, impaired quality of life and a worsening of any existing mental disorders.Dr Rees called for the health care system, particularly psychiatric services, to work closer with women's services to improve support for victims of violence.She added that the federal government also need to underscore the importance of getting to the root cause of the violence against women by looking at attitudes towards women and gender inequality.The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

BEIJING, Sept. 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Fu Ming'ai was reunited with his family on Sunday after 22 years.He is one of the more than 1,400 abducted children who were helped by a national DNA database, which helps match trafficked children and their parents."This shows the superiority of the national database," Chen Shiqu, director of the Ministry of Public Security's anti-human trafficking office, said on Sunday. The database was established in April 2009, when the ministry launched a nationwide crackdown on human trafficking."The ministry's branches across the country have been ordered to take blood samples of unidentified children and enter the information in the DNA database. Meanwhile, parents who report children missing also have their samples deposited in the repository," Chen said. "The database will point out matches for parents and children."DNA testing is accurate for both individual identification and kinship relations, and it is acknowledged as one of the most effective techniques to identify abducted children, according to the ministry.Fu, who was named Liu Qiang by his adoptive family in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei province, was picked up by his entire family at the railway station in his home city of Jishou, Hunan province."I resolved to find my parents, because I know I was kidnapped, not abandoned," said Fu, 26, a technician in an auto parts company in Tianjin. He remembered one day when he was 4, someone sprayed a substance in front of his face so that he could not open his eyes, and he was taken on a train.Fu left a blood sample with the DNA database in July. One month earlier, his parents had their blood samples taken when police said this could help the search for their son."I prayed to the gods, even in my dreams, to give my son back. He finally returned," said 55-year-old father Fu Gaomao, who was informed on Thursday of the successful match."Abducted children are found matching with their biological parents in the information bank every day," said Zhang Baoyan, founder of Baobeihuijia, or Baby Back Home, a volunteer group that assists in the nationwide search for missing children and offers support to their parents.

OTTAWA, Sept. 29 (Xinhua) -- Climate change could cost Canada billions of dollars a year by the end of this decade, a government funded study group announced Thursday.The National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy said the cost of climate change for Canada could start at roughly 5 billion Canadian dollars per year in 2020 and increase to between 21 billion and 43 billion per year by 2050. Those costs would come from shoreline damage, public health problems, and disruptions to the economy.It also predicted a slight increase in deaths in major cities from heat and air pollution.The round table researchers estimated the cost of climate change is expected to be roughly 0.8 percent to 1.0 percent of GDP -- or 43 billion Canadian dollars a year -- by 2050, if the problem is allowed to worsen.But the report did not address possible benefits, such as reduced demand for hea