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Just about everyone who's played with a projectile toy has gotten a version of the warning "You'll shoot your eye out!"But in a report published Monday in the medical journal BMJ Case Reports, doctors warn that popular toy Nerf guns really can put eyes at risk.The case report details three unrelated cases within three months treated in the Moorfields Eye Hospital accident and emergency department in London. Two adult patients had pooling of blood and inflammation in the eye after being shot with a Nerf gun. One 11-year-old patient had pooling of blood, inflammation and damage to the outer retinal layers of the eye."Significant Nerf gun ocular injuries are not reported in the literature, as far as we know," the researchers write.In the emergency room at the eye hospital, doctors are used to attending to traumatic injuries. It was the extent of the injury from a children's toy that surprised Dr. Mukhtar Bizrah, the lead author of the study."Nerf guns are used by children, and I was not expecting to see blood," he said. All the patients complained of blurred vision and red eyes and were treated to reduce pressure inside the eye, and their symptoms resolved after a few weeks.Injuries to the cornea are common and are not that dangerous, Bizrah said, but the injury sustained in the space between the iris and the pupil is far more dangerous. "One of the patients had angle recession, which is a risk factor for developing glaucoma down the line," he said.All the injuries documented in the case study involved Nerf guns shot from a close distance.One of the patients had been shot by "bullets" from an unlabeled brand, which have firmer heads than branded ones, the researchers said, noting that unbranded bullets are cheaper and tend to be preferred by parents. However, the authors said they could not verify whether branded bullets would have had caused less trauma.Julie Duffy, senior vice president for global communications for Nerf's maker, Hasbro Inc., wrote in an email that Nerf foam darts and foam rounds are not hazardous when used properly. The guns should never be aimed at a person's eyes or face, and the products should never be modified, she said.She added that darts that claim to be Nerf-compatible may not meet safety standards and regulations."NERF products are designed based on years of consumer insights and research, and undergo rigorous reviews and testing to assure that they are safe and fun to play with, and meet or exceed global standards and regulations."Duffy urges parents to read product packaging and note age recommendations: "Ultimately, a parent or caregiver knows his or her child best and is best equipped to make decisions on what forms of play and entertainment are most appropriate for his or her child," she said.Dr. Paul Kivela, president-elect of the American College of Emergency Physicians, said that the study raises concerns."Parents typically afraid of pellet guns. So soft-bullet guns give them a false sense of security that kids are safe. That is clearly not the case," said Kivela, who was not involved in the study. "The pressure of the projectile is important."His advice: If you are going to play with projectiles of any kind, it's best to wear protective eyewear, even though that could be especially tough for children younger than 5."It's best to not have this toy around small children, even if there are older kids in the house," Kivela said. "It is also important to tell children to not shoot at a person's face or from a relatively close distance."Pediatric ophthalmologists at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, were not at all surprised by the report. "We see eye injuries from projectile toys all the time, including Nerf guns. We know that there is always a risk of projectile toys hitting the eye," Dr. Marylou McGregor said. She also recommends using eye protection all the time when playing with such toys.Patients with these kinds of eye injuries have to be monitored for the first week to ensure that there is no rebleeding, said Dr. Cate Jordan of Nationwide Children's Hospital. If pain and blood clotting persists, the entire anterior chamber has to be washed out. Jordan recommends the patient lay low and participate only in quiet activities for the first few weeks. Even after vision returns to normal, they have to be monitored every three months for the first year and then every year for longer-term risks like cataracts or glaucoma. 4457

Johnson & Johnson announced it has paused its coronavirus vaccine trials on Monday following an “unexplained illness” among one of its participants.Johnson & Johnson stressed that adverse events during trials are expected, and a pause gives researchers an opportunity to review all of the medical information before moving forward with the trial. Johnson & Johnson added that it’s not always immediately known if the affected person received a placebo or a study treatment.Among the trials paused was Johnson & Johnson’s multi-country “ENSEMBLE” vaccine, which entered Phase 3 testing in September. Johnson & Johnson said last month that its goal was to seek an emergency use authorization approval in early 2021.The FDA noted that a vaccine candidate must be at least 50% effective to receive emergency use authorization. Vaccine candidates should include a median follow-up duration of at least two months after completion of the full vaccination regimen to help provide adequate information to assess a vaccine’s risk-benefit.According to the FDA, a typical Phase 3 trial would take one to three years.“NIH is committed to supporting several Phase 3 vaccine trials to increase the odds that one or more will be effective in preventing COVID-19 and put us on the road to recovery from this devastating pandemic,” said NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. “We also know that preventing this disease could require multiple vaccines and we’re investing in those that we believe have the greatest potential for success.” 1554

Joe Biden took questions from voters in Pennsylvania on Thursday on ABC as President Donald Trump did the same on NBC in Florida at the same time.Pennsylvania is considered one of the most important battleground states in this year’s election.CoronavirusBiden left open the possibility of mandating a coronavirus vaccine nationally.“It depends on the state of the nature of the vaccine when it comes out and how’s it being distributed,” Biden said, adding that he will judge a mandate based on the efficacy of a vaccine.Biden was then pressed on how to enforce a vaccine mandate.“You couldn’t enforce it,” Biden added.Biden criticized Trump for his initial response to the virus, pointing to an interview with Bob Woodward, when Trump acknowledged he did not want to panic Americans.“The president was informed how dangerous this virus was already way back in February,” Biden said.“He said he didn’t tell Americans to panic. He panicked. He didn’t say a word to anybody,” Biden added.Biden said that the federal government could play a key role in helping children get back to school amid the pandemic."We need more teachers, smaller pods, we need ventilation systems changed,” Biden said. “There are a lot of things we need now. I laid them out in detail… We did lay out exactly what needed to be done.”TaxesBiden said he vowed not to raise taxes on those making below 0,000 per year even though he would roll back the tax cuts Republicans signed back in 2017. Biden said much of the over trillion in tax cuts went to the wealthy. Biden said he would increase taxes on wealthier Americans.“When I said the Trump tax cuts, about .3 trillion of the trillion in his tax cuts went to the top one tenth of 1%,” Biden said. “That’s what I’m talking about eliminating. Not all the tax cuts that are out there.”PolicingJoe Biden was asked if he still supports the Crime Bill he signed in 1993. Biden said he did not, and he placed the blame on states for using federal funds to build more prisons.“The crime bill itself did not have mandatory sentences, except for two things," Biden said. "It had three strikes and you’re out, which I voted against in the crime bill, but it had a lot of things in it that turned out to be both bad and good,” he said, before noting his work on the Violence Against Women Act and an assault weapons ban."While some on the liberal wing are calling on defunding police departments, Biden said he opposes it. He added he believes that more officers can make communities safer, “If they’re involved in community policing and not jump squads.”Supreme Court Following the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett, some Democrats have called on a potential Biden presidency to add Supreme Court members. Biden said he is opposed to adding members to the Supreme Court, but would not rule out adding his appointees to the court.Barrett will likely be confirmed by the US Senate next week, giving Republican-appointed justices a 6-3 advantage in the high court."I have not been a fan of court packing because it can generate – whoever wins, it keeps moving in a way that is inconsistent with what is going to be manageable,” Biden said. “I am not a fan, but it depends on how this turns out.”Biden said a fast confirmation of Barrett could sway him.“It depends on how much they rush it,” Biden said.Biden criticized the Senate for taking up Barrett’s nomination, but not working on a stimulus bill.“They have no time to deal with that but they have time to rush this through,” Biden said.Biden he would take a definitive stance on adding Supreme Court members by Election Day, depending on how the Barrett nomination goes. 3651

Just about anything with a wireless connection could be a target for hackers to attack, including personal computers, tablets and even baby monitors. But what about medical devices?The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is monitoring that, too.Cardiologist Cynthia Tracy, with George Washington University Medical Center, implants pacemakers into people’s bodies almost daily.“In a typical situation, there might be two electrodes that pass through these veins and into the heart,” Tracy explains of the device.The device, which is about the size of silver dollar, controls a patient's heart beat and sends data to doctors by using the internet."They have a Bluetooth connection somehow that allows the device to communicate with something external," Dr. Tracy says.That wireless connection is where the concern comes in.“There's no such thing as a medical device without vulnerabilities,” says Suzanne Scwarts, who leads medical device cyber security for the FDA.Shwarts says after a series of security problems discovered in various medical devices, cyber security is front and center.“We want patients to definitely be able to understand what are current risks today,” Shwarts says.Dr. Tracy explains while security shortcomings may be there, an actual hack to something like a pacemaker would be a bit difficult.“I couldn't from here reprogram someone that's out there in the lobby, Dr. Tracy says."They would have to be fairly close in order for me to do anything to their device."Though there have been no direct hacks to patients to date, the threat is there, which is why the FDA is ramping up its efforts to make sure the hacking of medical devices doesn't become reality. 1689

KATOWICE, Poland (AP) — Arnold Schwarzenegger says he wishes he could travel back in time like the cyborg he played in "The Terminator" so he could stop fossil fuels from being used."If we would've never started in that direction and used other technology, we'd be much better off," the actor and former California governor said Monday at the start of a U.N. climate conference in Poland."The biggest evil is fossil fuels: it's coal, it's gasoline, it's the natural gas," he told conference delegates.Schwarzenegger also insisted that the United States was "still in" an international accord to curb global warming despite U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to walk away from the agreement.Calling Trump "meshugge" - Yiddish for "crazy" - for abandoning the accord, Schwarzenegger said the 2015 agreement has widespread support at the local and state levels even if the federal government isn't on board.American states, cities, businesses and citizens can do a lot to curb global warming, and representatives from those arenas should be invited to next year's climate conference, he told the audience in Poland."And if you do that, I promise you: I'll be back," he said in another reference to "The Terminator."Schwarzenegger later told The Associated Press he has converted his signature Humvee trucks to run on hydrogen, electricity and biofuel and only allows himself to eat meat three days a week."I mean, maybe it tastes delicious, but I think we should think then and there before we eat about the world and about the pollution," he said. "So I discontinued eating meat four days a week. And eventually, maybe we'll go to seven days" 1652