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BEIJING, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang Sunday urged scientists to learn from foreign experiences and increase their participation in international cooperation in polar and oceanic exploration.Li made the remarks after meeting with members of China's 27th Chinese Antarctic expedition team, the 22nd oceanic expedition, and scientists working in the country's Antarctic and Arctic stations via video and telephone.Li said many countries nowadays attached great importance to polar and oceanic exploration, and international competition had grown in promoting the peaceful utilization of these resources.Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R, front) shakes hands with a senior Chinese explorer in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 30, 2011. Li conveyed Spring Festival greetings while meeting with members of China's 27th Chinese Antarctic expedition team, the 22nd oceanic expedition, and scientists working in the country's Antarctic and Arctic stations via video and telephone on Sunday."We are confident and capable of constantly improving our working conditions to conduct polar and oceanic exploration, and winning the initiative in this sector's future development," Li said.Li said the country would work to promote its marine economy and safeguard marine ecosystems, as well, and make full use of the achievements made in explorations to make reasonable development and utilization of ocean resources.China would also ensure the security of ocean passages, and safeguard its marine rights and interests, the vice premier said.Li also conveyed New Years greetings to the scientists for conducting research away from their homeland and families, and applauded their contribution to the country's progress in polar and oceanic research areas.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhuanet) -- A new research indicats taking vitamin D could ward off vision loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in women younger than 75, according to media reports on Tuesday.In the research, women under 75 who consumed sufficient vitamin D cut their risk of developing early age-related AMD, a leading cause of vision loss and blindness, by 59 percent when compared to women with vitamin D-poor diets.Researchers found that vitamin D levels among patients in the study were most affected by the amount of vitamin D they consumed, through certain fish, dairy, eggs, and leafy greens, not by the amount of outdoor exposure they had. Considering many Americans are actually deficient in vitamin D, this study may offer one more reason for women to include vitamin D-rich foods in the diet, said the lead author on the study, Amy Millen of the University of Buffalo.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Three Carrefour stores were fined 500,000 yuan (75,988 U.S. dollars) each on Saturday for overcharging customers in east China's metropolitan Shanghai, said municipal price regulators.The fine is the highest for such wrongdoing, with the tickets being issued Saturday morning.The three stores were also ordered to correct their illegal pricing and refund overcharged customers, said the regulators.A hearing will be held to decide the final amount of the fine. Carrefour representatives will be able to respond to the charges at the hearing, according to regulators.China's price regulator announced last week that it had found several retailers cheating customers, which included 11 of Carrefour's China stores.Carrefour China promised customers Saturday that it would provide refunds of five times the difference between advertised prices and incorrect prices charged at registers, after it was blacklisted by Chinese authorities due to deceptive pricing.Chen Bo, spokesperson with Carrefour China, apologized to Chinese customers during an exclusive interview with Xinhua.Chen said the company has started to work on this pricing issue.Carrefour China has established both short-term and long-term measures to resolve the issue, Chen added."We will have our special control group conduct internal price inspections, with wide coverage and high frequency," Chen said.Chen said the refund policy would be permanently implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China, with non-implementation of the policy being regarded as a violation of company rules.The National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planner, also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival, which falls on Feb. 3 this year.The Spring Festival holiday is usually the busiest shopping season, as the public makes large purchases of food and gifts for families and friends.

LOS ANGELES, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Using NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GEE) satellite, U.S. astronomers are hunting for nearby, hard-to-see stars which could very well be home to the easiest-to-see alien planets, it was announced on Thursday.U.S. astronomers are ferreting out the new targets after the glare of bright, shining stars has frustrated most efforts at visualizing distant worlds, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.So far, only a handful of distant planets, or exoplanets, have been directly imaged. Small, newborn stars are less blinding, making the planets easier to see, but the fact that these stars are dim means they are hard to find in the first place."Fortunately, the young stars emit more ultraviolet light than their older counterparts, which makes them conspicuous to the ultraviolet-detecting GEE," JPL said in a press release."We've discovered a new technique of using ultraviolet light to search for young, low-mass stars near the Earth," said David Rodriguez, a graduate student of astronomy at University of Californian, Los Angeles. "These young stars make excellent targets for future direct imaging of exoplanets."Young stars, like human children, tend to be a bit unruly -- they spout a greater proportion of energetic X-rays and ultraviolet light than more mature stars. In some cases, X-ray surveys can pick out these youngsters due to the "racket" they cause. However, many smaller, less "noisy" baby stars perfect for exoplanet imaging studies have gone undetected except in the most detailed X-ray surveys. To date, such surveys have covered only a small percentage of the sky, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.Rodriguez and his team figured that the GEE, which has scanned about three-quarters of the sky in ultraviolet light, could fill this gap.Astronomers compared readings from the telescope with optical and infrared data to look for the telltale signature of rambunctious junior stars. Follow-up observations of 24 candidates identified in this manner determined that 17 of the stars showed clear signs of youth, validating the team's approach, JPL said."The Galaxy Evolution Explorer can readily select young, low- mass stars that are too faint to turn up in all-sky X-ray surveys, which makes the telescope an incredibly useful tool," Rodriguez said in the release.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."