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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- The African Union (AU) Commission Chairperson Jean Ping on Tuesday met and held talks with a high level Chinese delegation led by Jiang Yaoping, Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce.The discussion between the two sides was mainly focused on the cooperation between China and Africa in different sectors.Ping said AU is ready to do all possible to further strengthen its ties with China.The Chairperson said China has been working in cooperation with AU member states on various areas, including trade, investment, and diplomatic exchanges."We are happy to meet the delegation; a delegation not only as an important partner but as a friend of Africa, a friend with which we are strengthening cooperation constantly," said the Chairperson.He also reiterated that Africa is benefited from the relations with China.He said Africa has established an important relations with China within the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC), and the two sides are now engaged in strategic dialogue on very crucial areas.Jiang said that AU has been committed to economic integration in Africa that enable member states improve the livelihoods of Africans.He also said that AU has played a constructive role in meeting global issues like the climate change.The Vice Minister stated that China has become one of the most trading partner of Africa, and the trade volume between China and Africa is increasing from time to time.Leading the delegation, Jiang has also visited the African Union Conference Center (AUCC) Project which is almost completed and is expected to be the avenue of the coming AU Summit for the first time at its own headquarter.

BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will firmly stand together with African countries while unswervingly pushing forward Sino-African strategic partnership, no matter how the international environment changes, said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun Thursday.Zhai made the remarks in a signed article on top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin's upcoming visit to Africa.Africa still faced enormous challenges against the backdrop of simmering global finance crisis, and turbulence encountered by several countries in western Asia and northern Africa, which dealt a blow to Africa's peace, stability and development, Zhai said, adding that some outside forces' intervention into Africa's internal affairs impeded the integration process among African countries.Within this context, there is stronger demand of African countries for stability, development, solidarity and independence, he said.The international community should pay more attention to Africa's voice and problems, respect its opinions, accommodate its concerns, protect peace, stability and development in Africa, and support Africa's independent settlement of issues in its own region, Zhai said.He said Jia's visit, first foreign trip paid by Chinese leaders in the Chinese Lunar New Year, will be of great significance in deepening Sino-African ties and cementing the solidarity and cooperation among developing countries, Zhai said.Jia will declare China's determination on developing Sino-African ties during the trip, he said.Enhancing solidarity and cooperation with Africa constitutes an important part of China's diplomacy, and will be the long-term strategic choice firmly pursued by China, Zhai said.

MOSCOW, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- The Russian Space Agency Roscosmos confirmed on Monday the list of next crew members who will fly to the International Space Station (ISS) on Nov. 14.Russia's Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft will bring Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin and American astronaut Daniel Burbank to the ISS for a 124-day-long mission.Russia's Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin and American Josef Akaba are announced as the backup crew.According to the Roscosmos, the new crew will host one manned and three unmanned cargo ships during their stay in the ISS and conduct a space walk as well as 37 scientific experiments.During the new crew's stay, the ISS would also make its 75,000th revolution around the Earth, the Roscosmos said.The launch of the Soyuz TMA-22 was initially scheduled on Sept. 22, but was postponed after the failed launch of the Progress cargo ship to the ISS on Aug. 24.

NEW YORK, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- For the 34-year-old Alexis Steinman, Oct. 3 would have been a great day, because her father Ralph Steinman was announced winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.But as she talked to Xinhua at the Rockefeller University where his father worked, she said the day was rather "bittersweet"."This is the moment, but my Dad was not here," said Alexis, trying to hold her tears.The Canadian-born cell biologist Ralph Steinman died of pancreatic cancer on Friday at the age of 68, three days before he was announced the joint winner along with Prof. Bruce Beutler and Prof. Jules Hoffman for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."We even talked about the Nobel Prize days before his death," Alexis added."We were like 'OK Dad, I know things aren't going well but the Nobel, they are going to announce it next Monday'. And he was like 'I know I have got to hold out for that. They don't give it to you if you have passed away,'" she said."It's really impossible to describe how our family is feeling right now. We're devastated to have lost Ralph,"Steinman' s son Adam Steinman told reporters at the press conference at Rockefeller University. "We're so incredibly proud of Dad for receiving this wonderful honor ... We know he will live on through his scientific contributions," he said.Rockefeller University president Marc Tessier-Lavigne told reporters during Monday's press conference that the university only heard of Steinman's death from the family about half an hour after news of the Nobel prize came out from Sweden."We are all deeply saddened by his death, " said Tessier- Lavigne , adding that Steinman had been treating himself with a groundbreaking therapy based on his research into the body's immune system.He said Steinman's research has laid the foundation for numerous discoveries in the critically important field of immunology, and it has led to innovative new approaches in how people treat cancer, infectious diseases and disorders of the immune system.Steinman's first student and close colleague Michel Nussenzweig told the press conference packed with reporters, students and professors that "one of the interesting things about Ralph and his discovery is that no one believes it for a really long time.""What was amazing about Ralph was that he just knew that, even though nobody else believed it, this was really important, and he persisted, and finally after a very long time, everyone just found out it was true," Nussenzweig said."Ralph worked until last week. His dream was to use his discovery to make vaccines and it is a dream that is pretty close, and we are all continuing to work to make that come true," he added.The Nobel Foundation made a statement after learning Steinman's death, saying that the decision to award the prize to the Canadian scientist would remain unchanged despite his death, and the prize money will be transferred to his estate.

来源：资阳报