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LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- At least 70 genetic mutations may be involved in the formation of colon cancer, far more than scientists previously thought, a new study suggests.The study by researchers at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center contradicts previous thinking that only a few mutated genes may play a role in the development of colon cancer."The ways we've been treating patients up to now is to just go after one target when we should be going after three to four different pathways simultaneously," said Dr. Jerry W. Shay, vice chairman and professor of cell biology at UT Southwestern.The new study identified 65 candidate genes and at least five passenger genes whose mutations play significant roles in cancer development. Inactivating the function of any of these tumor- suppressing genes led to a key step in cancer development called anchorage-independent growth, meaning cells piled up on top of each other rather than aligning neatly.According to previous studies, there were 151 candidate genes and that mutations in just eight to 15 of them would lead to cancer. There were 700 other genes classified as passenger genes whose mutations were incidental to cancer growth.Current cancer treatments target just one or two known cancer- driver genes. While patients may get transient tumor burden reduction, almost universally tumor growth returns."Those numbers are dead wrong," Dr. Shay said, suggesting a new approach to colon cancer treatments targeting multiple genes and pathways simultaneously.The next step is further research to classify more accurately which genes drive cancer and which are merely passengers, the researchers said.Study findings were published in the July 2011 Cancer Research (Priority Reports).

XICHANG, Sichuan, June 21 (Xinhua) -- China successfully launched a new communication satellite, the Zhongxing-10, from its Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest Sichuan Province on early Tuesday.The satellite, carried by a Long March-3B rocket carrier, blasted off from the center at 0:13 a.m., said a statement from the center.According to statistics from the control center, the satellite successfully separated from its carrier rocket and entered Earth's orbit as scheduled, 26 minutes after being launched.The Zhongxing-10 was designed and manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.The satellite will provide communication, broadcasting and data transmission services for users in China and the Asia-Pacific region. It will replace the Zhongxing-5B satellite, which was launched in 1998.The launch was the 138th mission for the Long March carrier rocket series.

LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

CHICAGO, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- Gold futures on the COMEX Division of the New York Mercantile Exchange on Thursday bounced off the biggest drop since March 2008, as the weakness in stock market enhanced appeal of gold as a safe-have investment.The most active gold contract for Dec. delivery gained 5.9 U.S. dollars, or 0.3 percent, to 1,763.2 dollars per ounce. The metal suffered on Wednesday the biggest one-day drop since March 19, 2008.Market analysts said that gold extended losses in earlier trading, hit by a margin-requirement increase, but the drop in global stock market gave a push to the metal. Both Dow Jones industrial average and S&P 500 declined on Thursday after a 3-day rise as a government report showed U.S. jobless claims rose last week.Besides, market hearsay went that Germany might be next to get a sovereign-debt downgrade, adding to the positive tone on gold market. German equity market also suffered sharp drop in the day.Many market watchers remained long-term bullish attitude toward gold although they said the precious metal could correct further in the short term. A trader noted that the fundamental factors driving uncertainty and fears are all still there.Expectations are growing that the Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke would not provide any form of stimulus in a speech scheduled for Friday at a yearly gathering of central bankers in Jackson Hole.Silver for Sept. delivery also rose 1.583 dollars, or four percent, to 40.745 dollars per ounce. Platinum for Oct. delivery lost 3.9 dollars, or 0.2 percent, to 1822.4 dollars per ounce.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Thursday announced that its tablet computer, HP TouchPad, will go on sale in the United States on July 1.Two versions of HP TouchPad, with the option of either 16 gigabytes or 32 gigabytes of internal storage, and both only with Wi-Fi connection, will be available in the United States for 499. 99 U.S. dollars and 599.99 dollars respectively, the company said in a statement.The product will hit stores in Britain, Ireland, France and Germany a few days later and in Canada in mid-July, with availability scheduled to follow later this year in Italy, Spain, Australia, China's Hong Kong, New Zealand and Singapore.Preorders in North America and Europe will begin on June 19, HP said.HP did not release the price details when it introduced TouchPad on Feb. 9. The black device, with a 9.7-inch touch screen, runs webOS operating system, a mobile platform developed by Palm, a smartphone maker acquired by HP last April for 1.8 billion dollars.