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Excessively high or low body mass index measurements have been linked to an increased risk of dying from nearly every major cause except transport accidents, new research says.The?study, published Wednesday in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology and conducted by scientists at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, revealed that BMI that's either too high or too low is tied to increased morbidity from a range of major diseases.Krishnan Bhaskaran, lead author of the study and associate professor of statistical epidemiology, noted that his team found "important associations" between BMI and most causes of death."BMI is a key indicator of health. We know that BMI is linked to the risk of dying overall, but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the links to deaths from specific causes," he said."We have filled this knowledge gap to help researchers, patients and doctors better understand how underweight and excess weight might be associated with diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease and liver disease."BMI is determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.The study authors say they discovered that maintaining a BMI in the range of 21 to 25 kg/m2 is linked to the lowest level of morbidity.BMI outside this range was shown to have a "J-shaped association" with nearly all causes of death, not solely the most prevalent diseases. This means BMIs both lower and higher than the optimal range lead to increased risk of morbidity.The study, which analyzed data from 3.6 million people and 367,512 deaths, showed that obesity, or BMI of 30 or more, was linked to an increased prevalence of two major causes of death: heart disease and cancer."BMI higher than 25, the upper end of healthy, is linked to most cancers, most cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, and liver and kidney conditions," Bhaskaran said.Obesity was shown to reduce life expectancy by 4.2 years in men and 3.5 years in women, and it can contribute to other chronic conditions including respiratory disease, liver disease and diabetes.The British Journal of Cancer reported in April that obesity is linked to 7.5% of cancers in UK women.The charity Cancer Research UK estimated that 23,000 women will deal with obesity-related cancers by 2035. Obesity will also become the most common cause of cancer in women by 2043 if trends continue.The study also revealed that being underweight is linked to a "surprising wide range of deaths," including dementia, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease and suicide.However, Bhaskaran noted that links between low BMI and causes of death were more "observative," as it was less clear whether low weight was the direct cause of illness or rather a marker of poor health more generally.He also acknowledged the limitations of the study, which included a lack of information on the diet or level of physical activity of the individuals involved and the impact these factors may have had on morbidity.He nevertheless noted that the findings reiterated the importance of maintaining a BMI within the 21 to 25 range. 3130
Facebook is trying to be more transparent about how it decides what content to take down or leave up.On Tuesday, the company is making public for the first time its detailed internal community standards policies.The document is what Facebook's 7,500 content moderators use when deciding what is and isn't acceptable content, including hate speech, nudity, gun sales and bullying. A shorter version was previously available online.Facebook is also adding a way for individuals to appeal when it removes one of their posts because of sexual content, hate speech or violence. Appeals will be reviewed by a moderator within a day, the company promises. Eventually, it will add appeals for more types of content and for people who reported posts that weren't taken down.Every week, Facebook sifts through millions of reports from users about inappropriate posts, groups or pages. Additional posts are also flagged by Facebook's automated systems. A member of the team of moderators — a combination of full-time and contract employees around the world — reviews each post.Related: YouTube took down more than 8 million videos in 3 monthsThe expanded guidelines fill 27 pages and include the reasoning behind each policy, along with detailed examples.They include the company's full definitions for terrorist organizations and hate groups. Hate speech is divided into three levels, and includes "some protections for immigration status." There's a detailed policy on the sale of marijuana (not allowed, even where it's legal) and firearms (only shown to adults aged 21 or older -- and no sales between individual people). Bullying rules don't apply to comments made about public figures.The document is filled with striking details about very specific issues. For example, you can't post addresses or images of safe houses, or explicitly expose undercover law enforcement. You can only show victims of cannibalism if there's a warning screen and age requirement. And photos of breasts are allowed if they depict an act of protest.Related: EU gives tech companies 1 hour to remove terrorist contentFacebook has come under criticism for not being transparent enough about how it decides what is or isn't banned. And it has at times appeared inconsistent in the applications of its own rules.Most recently, Facebook fought accusations that it censored conservative personalities like Diamond and Silk in the United States. Human rights groups have complained about its handling of hate-filled posts linked to violence in countries like Myanmar."Our enforcement isn't perfect. We make mistakes because our processes involve people, and people are not infallible," Monika Bickert, Facebook's head of product policy, said in a blog post Tuesday.Related: Facebook is offering facial recognition again in EuropeThe guidelines are global and will be released in 40 different languages. Facebook says it has detailed local information to help moderators handle the nuances of different locations and languages. It will not make all of its moderator guides public, such as lists of hate-speech words, as releasing them could make it easier for people to game the system.To keep up with changes in language and behaviors, the guidelines are updated regularly. A policy team meets every two weeks to review potential additions or edits."We've promised to do better and we hope that sharing these details will serve as the basis for increased dialogue and input," Bickert said.The-CNN-Wire 3476
Even with millions of unemployed Americans amid the worst pandemic to hit the US in a century, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has nearly fully recovered from its record-high levels in February.For the first time since Feb. 20, the Dow Jones closed above 29,000 on Wednesday, finishing the day at 29,100.The Dow Jones has historically had a 7% growth rate a year, and it’s possible the Dow could still finish the year on track. That comes after the Dow bottomed out in March at 18,591.While the Dow Jones has seen a recovery, many Americans are still feeling the pinch from the coronavirus. The unemployment rate remains above 10%, which is more than double the pre-pandemic unemployment rate.The economic news has continued to be dire as major companies, such as MGM and United Airlines are planning on furloughing or laying off employees.Whether the economic woes on Main Street eventually affect Wall Street remains to be seen, but President Donald Trump took credit on Wednesday for the Dow Jones’ figures. 1019
Evacuations have been ordered for northern Arizona communities due to the Tinder Fire burning near Happy Jack.According to Coconino County officials, evacuations were ordered Sunday by the Coconino County Sheriff's Office for affected communities north, east and west of Highway 87 including Moqui Ranchettes, all of Starlight Pines, Clear Creek (except 1 and 2), all of Timber Ranch, all of Tamarron, Pine Canyon, Blue Ridge Estates, Ponderosa Pines, and Mogollon Ranches. The evacuation will be in effect until further notice, deputies will stay in the area to provide 24-hour security. The fire has burned an estimated 8,000 acres and is burning 1.5 miles northeast of Blue Ridge Reservoir. Structures have also been lost in the fire, according to InciWeb. 804
ESCONDIDO, Calif. (KGTV) — In a display of solidarity with protesters, Escondido officers were seen taking a knee with protesters during a demonstration against police violence on Monday.Photos showed the officers alongside protesters demonstrating against racism, police brutality, and calling for justice for George Floyd, a black man who died in police custody in Minneapolis.Long-time resident Vanessa Reyes attended the demonstration which happened outside of Escondido Police Department headquarters. She captured the profound moment in a series of photos she later shared with 10News.“It was very emotional, it was very eye opening for me.”The mother of four said she wanted to document the protests for her children, ages 7- to 22-years-old. Not knowing what to expect, she decided to keep her children home while she snapped images of the demonstration.“I went out there to support the black community and take pictures because I really want to have pictures for my kids to show them this is going to be history, this is real, this is what’s going on.”Reyes described the demonstration as peaceful and emotional, though some times rowdy.“The younger kids, maybe like the 20-25 year old’s, they were very, very involved and wanted to be heard, and the chief of police was willing to let them be heard," said Reyes. “Everybody just wanted to be heard and there was so much emotion and the Escondido Police sat there and listened.”At one point during the protest, Reyes said the crowd, comprised of people of various races, moved towards the police skirmish line. “When we first got there all the officers were across the street, then all of a sudden the protesters moved towards the officers," said Reyes.The tense situation was de-escalated when demonstrators struck a conversation with an officer.“A group of protesters got together and asked the officers if they wanted to take a knee and have a moment of silence for George Floyd and they didn’t hesitate.”Reyes began taking photos to capture one of San Diego's most powerful moments of these demonstrations that saw a weekend marred by violence and riots across the county.The officers, dressed only in their regular uniforms, joined the crowd.“That moment was extremely emotional. You could tell that they [officers] were very genuine and you could tell they really want to make peace and everything better for us.”Unlike some of the chaotic confrontations witnessed in other parts of the country, Reyes said demonstrators and police officers were respectful of each other, and that the police chief was actively encouraging the crowd to share their voice.“Officers tried to ask everybody what could they do.”The scene was similar to a display caught on Sunday in downtown San Diego, where protesters exchanged fist bumps and handshakes with officers. Other moments of unity between police and demonstrators have been captured around the nation.In a statement, an Escondido Police officer said:"Last night I, as well the citizens of Escondido were witness to a peaceful, passionate, justified protest. I want to thank our community for your powerful display of protest, in the peaceful yet profound manner it was delivered.I witnessed 'the few' agitators that attempted to hijack the event with violent and destructive means, met by 'the many' of our community members, protest groups and participants, who thwarted all efforts demanding peace and civility.For this I extend my deepest gratitude. Thank you for supporting us as we were doing our best to support you. We hear you, we stand and or kneel with you and through these difficult times we will not wavier in our mission to serve and protect you.I truly believe it is you, the people, that make this the City Of Choice!"Protests across the county and around the nation began this week after video surfaced showing a Minneapolis officer kneeling on Floyd's neck for nearly 10 minutes. Floyd's death while in-custody sparked nationwide calls for police reform. 3989