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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) — Prosecutors Wednesday say two transients accused of a deadly home invasion robbery this week stabbed the victim 50 times in the face, neck, and back.Ian Bushee, 37, and Malissa James, 26, are both accused of breaking into a home in the 1800 block of Outrigger Lane just after midnight Monday. During the break-in the victim, identified as 63-year-old Marjorie Gawitt, was stabbed multiple times.Gawitt was still able to call 911 to report the incident and was conscious and breathing when police arrived. She was taken to Scripps La Jolla Hospital, where she died of her injuries.RELATED: Police identify suspects in deadly Carlsbad stabbing, burglaryBushee and James fled the scene in Gawitt's vehicle, according to police. The vehicle was found in San Marcos and the two were arrested in the 4800 block of Park Drive later Monday.Each has been charged with homicide, burglary, conspiracy, and auto theft. Bushee was also charged with accessory after the fact. James also also charged with torture. The pair was already on probation in San Bernardino for residential burglary.Both defendants pleaded not guilty of all charges.Bail was not set for Bushee or James, as they were determined to be a threat to the community.Both face the death penalty. A readiness hearing is scheduled for March 21, and a preliminary hearing is set for March 27. 1377

Buying a designer dog is pricey, so now, people are turning to financing options to pay the high price tags. However, these financing options could come with even higher costs.That's what one woman, Victoria Caruth. came to learn. She fell in love with Duchess, a Yorkie.The dog came with a hefty price tag of ,600. Caruth couldn't afford it, but the pet store offered financing, so she accepted their offer.When Caruth got home with Duchess, her husband asked to see the paperwork.The paperwork revealed Caruth had agreed to lease her dog for two years with interest, paying almost triple the original price of the dog. 630

Caterpillar could eliminate nearly 900 jobs in the US and Central America, the company said on Friday.Job cuts will happen at locations in Texas and Panama as part of a restructuring, a spokeswoman said. Employees were notified earlier this year, she said.The heavy equipment manufacturer also said it is "contemplating the closure" of an engine factory in La Grange, Illinois, which is part of its subsidiary Progress Rail, a supplier of railroad and transit products. The closure, if it happens, would eliminate 600 full-time jobs in engine manufacturing. The company said it might be "transitioning" its rail manufacturing to facilities in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, as well as "outside suppliers." The company said the employees were informed in January.Caterpillar is planning to close its work tools facility in Waco, Texas, by the end of 2018, eliminating 200 job and contractor positions there, the company said. The employees were notified last month. The company plans to move the manufacturing to Wamego, Kansas, and also to "external suppliers."Caterpillar also confirmed that it's closing a facility in Panama, and that 80 jobs will be eliminated. The company said these workers were informed in January.The cost-cutting measures come even as a growing global economy is boosting demand for its heavy-duty equipment. The company reported in January that quarterly sales grew 18%, its first increase since 2012.Sales in North American grew by 46% driven by selling and leasing machinery for home building, infrastructure and for the oil and gas industries. Sales were also boosted by increased spending in China.The company added 3,000 employees last year to meet demand, bringing its total workforce to 98,000. 1735

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. - At the ripe age of 74, scientist Wladek Minor, PhD. is not slowing down anytime soon, especially when it comes to his research to better understand COVID-19.“This is the biggest danger I’ve seen in my lifetime,” said Minor. “This is a real danger, and we shouldn’t underestimate it.”Minor, who is also a professor at UVA’s Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, recently made a new discovery in the fight against coronavirus.As the lead researcher, Minor and his team of scientists recently discovered a link between a coronavirus treatment and people with diabetes.They found the drug dexamethasone, which is used to lower the risk of death in patients with a severe case of the virus, might be less effective for treating patients with diabetes.“We were trying to explain why the action of dexamethasone is somewhat erratic,” Minor said. “It means it works for some people and [does] not necessarily work for other people.”Minor and his team analyzed data from 373 COVID-19 patients at a hospital from Wuhan, China.Their research determined how a type of protein in our blood, called serum albumin, picks up dexamethasone and carries it through the body.The scientists found that patients who died had lower levels of that protein than those who survived.Those who died also had higher levels of blood sugar, suggesting diabetes may make it difficult for patients to get the benefits of the drug.“We are trying to make as much impact on human life as possible,” said Minor.Dexamethasone has been shown to cut deaths by about 30% for COVID-19 patients who were on ventilators.The steroid was used to help treat President Donald Trump’s bout with the virus, along with other treatments and drugs including remdesivir, which was just approved by the FDA to use on all hospitalized patients.“COVID is now our enemy, and really, it’s the biggest enemy,” Minor said.Scientists said more research is needed to determine the best treatment for COVID-19 patients, especially for those who have diabetes.For more information on Minor’s research, click here.This story was first reported by Antoinette DelBel at WTKR in Norfolk, Virginia. 2180

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