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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Carlsbad Police Department released body camera footage Saturday night in response to public concerns over officer misconduct during an incident involving a 27-year-old black man.The June 11 incident gained attention after cell phone video surfaced showing officers using a Taser on the man and pressing his head into the pavement in an attempt to subdue him."A video is circulating showing a police use of force incident from Thursday night. Open lines of communication between the Police Department and the community are more important now than ever," Carlsbad police said in a statement."As with all uses of force, we fully investigate incidents to ensure the officers’ conduct is consistent with the Police Department’s policies," police said.The cell phone video doesn't show the start of the incident. The witness video begins with the man on the ground surrounded by paramedics and two officers lying on top of him.The newly released six-minute body cam video starts from the moment two officers respond to the scene. According to the department's timeline of the incident, officers and paramedics responded to a call at 8:48 p.m. about a man found face down on a sidewalk at Ponto Road and Carlsbad Boulevard."Two officers arrived and found the firefighters evaluating the man, who was now standing," police said.Bodycam footage shows the man talking with paramedics, and the group appears to disperse. With the officers approaching, the paramedics step away from the man. The man tells the paramedics, "I'm not complaining about anything else."The man appears to hear something from the group of paramedics and screams out, "are you mocking me?"A paramedic tells the man, "No, I'm not mocking you at all."One officer says, "Hey, they're just here to help you, man."The man stands face to face with the paramedic telling him, "the way he said it is different from how you said it. Because I understand how the f--- you say it. But what do you mean when you say it?"According to the police timeline, "The man walked quickly toward the medics while continuing to yell profanities. Officers, fearing for the safety of the medics, interceded."The report says, "Officers reached out to the man and told him to stop."A struggle ensues and the body cameras are knocked to the ground leaving only an audio recording of the incident for about two minutes. The officers pick up the cameras and resume video recording the scene about two minutes later.The department juxtaposed three camera angles of the confrontation with the man -- two from officer body cameras, and one that was recorded by an unidentified "resident." The witness video fills in a section of lost body cam footage.Carlsbad police said the investigation is still ongoing and are asking the public who may have witnessed the incident to contact the department at their non-emergency line at 760-931-2197.The man in the video, Marcel Cox-Harshaw, 27, of San Diego, was cited and released for resisting arrest. Police also charged him with being drunk in public. Police said drugs and or alcohol played a role in the incident.10News has reached out to Cox-Harshaw for comment.CARLSBAD POLICE DEPARTMENT TIMELINE OF EVENTS:A video is circulating showing a police use of force incident from Thursday night. Open lines of communication between the Police Department and the community are more important now than ever. That’s why we are providing a detailed chronology of this incident.As with all uses of force, we fully investigate incidents to ensure the officers’ conduct is consistent with the Police Department’s policies.At 8:48 p.m. A caller reported a man face down on a sidewalk at Ponto Road and Carlsbad Boulevard.At 8:55 p.m. Carlsbad Fire Department personnel arrived at the location and began their evaluation of the man.At 8:59 p.m. Two officers arrived and found the firefighters evaluating the man, who was now standing.While medics evaluated the man’s condition, the man became visually agitated and started yelling at the medics.At 8:59 p.m. The man walked quickly toward the medics while continuing to yell profanities.Officers, fearing for the safety of the medics, interceded.Officers reached out to the man and told him to stop.The man continued to yell as officers tried to handcuff the man to take him into custody.The man yelled, struggled, turned and pulled from the officers and would not comply with their instructions.At 9:02 p.m. Officers then used a taser to attempt to subdue the man.At 9:03 p.m. The officers then restrained the man by holding his body and head to the ground while placing him in handcuffs. He was not injured, but he continued to shout angrily. Officers asked him to calm down, but he refused to comply and continued shouting.At 9:03 p.m. Officers considered the man detained.A mesh bag called a spit mask was placed on the man’s head to protect the officers and paramedics from coming into contact with droplets coming from the man’s nose and mouth This bag is porous and does not restrict breathing.At this time, paramedics were able to place the man on a gurney, where he continued to yell and struggle.At 9:07 p.m. Paramedics transported the man to a local hospital where he was sedated, assessed and released.The man, 27-year-old Marcel Cox-Harshaw of San Diego, was cited and released for resisting arrest. An additional charge of drunk in public has been presented to the District Attorney's Office. The initial investigation indicates that drugs and or alcohol played a role in the incident.The investigation is still ongoing. We are asking any community members who may have witnessed the incident to call the non-emergency police number at 760-931-2197 to share their accounts.Here are some of the department’s policy that pertain to the incidentOfficers shall use only that amount of force that reasonably appears necessary given the facts and totality of the circumstances known to or perceived by the officer at the time of the event to accomplish a legitimate law enforcement purpose.When determining whether to apply force and evaluating whether an officer has used reasonable force, a number of factors should be taken into consideration, as time and circumstances permit. These factors include but are not limited to:o The apparent immediacy and severity of the threat to officers or others – Mr. Harshaw charged unarmed fire personnel while yelling profanities.o The individual’s apparent ability to understand and comply with officer commands – Mr. Harshaw would not comply with officer commands.o The conduct of the individual being confronted, as reasonably perceived by the officer. Mr. Harshaw was yelling and behaving aggressively toward fire personnel.o Proximity of weapons or dangerous improvised devices. – Officers had no way of knowing what was in Mr. Harshaw’s backpack or baggy pants.o The effects of drugs or alcohol. Mr. Harshaw appeared to be under the influence of drugs and or alcohol.o Whether the person appears to be resisting, attempting to evade arrest by flight, or is attacking the officer. Mr. Harshaw was at no time compliant.The TASER device may be used in any of the following circumstances, when the circumstances perceived by the officer at the time indicate that such application is reasonably necessary to control a person:o The subject is violent or is physically resisting. Mr. Harshaw was physically resistant and behaved aggressively toward fire personnel.o The subject has demonstrated, by words or action, an intention to be violent or to physically resist, and reasonably appears to present the potential to harm officers, him/herself or others. – Mr. Harshaw charged fire personnel, while yelling profanities and he was not compliant with officer commands.Supervisory notification shall be made as soon as practicable following the application of force. A supervisor was immediately called to the scene and an investigation was opened. The investigation includedo Obtaining the basic facts.o Collect evidence at the sceneo Ensure that all needing medical treatment are treated. Mr. Harshaw was transported to the hospital and released. An officer also received minor injuries.o The scene was canvased for additional witnesses.o Complete a Supervisor’s Compliant Summary Report and forward it to the Professional Standards Unit.o Prepare Supervisor’s Use of Force Report 8374

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The latest water main break Sunday in the Midway District is the latest example of San Diego’s aging water system. But the city is working to fix the issue, replacing more than 100 miles of water transmission and distribution pipes.According to city documents, since 2013, San Diego spent 8 million to repair and replace 116 miles of water transmission and distribution pipes.A total of 72 miles of those repairs were on cast iron pipes, the oldest ones in the system. The project started in 2007 and sparked a rate increase to pay for the work.RELATED: Water main break in Midway District causes flooding, shuts down roadAs older piper are replaced, the city has seen the number of water main breaks decrease. "We have more than 3,000 miles of pipeline," said department spokesperson Brent Eidson, "To do it properly, we're probably always going to be replacing pipes."Throughout the project, older pipes made from concrete or cast iron are being replaced with new PVC pipes. Edison says PVC is the industry standard. Pipes made from the material usually last between 50-75 years.The city says its water system extends more than 400 square miles and moves roughly 172 million gallons per day. Included in that area is 49 water pumping stations, 29 treated water storage facilities, three water treatment plants and more than 3,300 miles of pipelines.The city hopes to have all the cast iron distribution lines replaced by 2018-19. The goal is to have all the larger cast iron transmission mains replaced by 2023. Some of the cast iron pipes are nearly 100 years old.The following numbers were provided to 10News by the Public Utilities Department and list the number of breaks over the last six years.2012: 1022013: 952014: 742015: 632016: 852017: 81 (as of October 20)2018: 29 (as of August 5) 1841

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Summertime in San Diego lends itself to adventures throughout the county.Road trip up to North County or head to the South Bay; either way, there's something cool to explore. Even better, you might happen across something not many locals know about.Take these cool secret spots around San Diego. You don't have to do a whole lot of investigating to find them and visiting them is well worth the time.La Jolla's secret swingIn the hills atop Scripps Pier is a tree swing with one of the best views of La Jolla and the Pacific Ocean. In the area between La Jolla Shores Dr. and Expedition Way, a handmade swing offers a unique ocean view. But be aware, sometimes the swing may not be there due to reported vandals. However, it will appear now and again for visitors. View this post on Instagram I wish some moments lasted a little longer ?? A post shared by Vanessa | Travel Lover (@_vaneeeessa) on Apr 15, 2019 at 12:47am PDT Coronado's sunken shipThe SS Monte Carlo was a 300-foot casino ship, known as "Sin Ship," that crashed on Coronado's shore during a storm in 1937. What's left of the gambling vessel can be seen poking through the surf depending on conditions in front of the Coronado Shores condos.Banker's Hill 100-year-old bridgesThe Spruce Street Suspension Bridge was built in 1912, connecting Front St. and Brant St. over Kate Sessions Canyon. The bridge's suspension adds a gentle sway to the bridge that was built more than 100 years ago. Just a few blocks over, the 236-foot-long Quince Street Bridge connects Quince St. and Third Ave. Built in 1905, the bridge takes pedestrians 60 feet above Maple Canyon.Chula Vista salt mountainsSouth Bay Salt Company is one of San Diego's oldest running businesses. First it started as La Punta Salt Works from 1871-1901 and then Western Salt Company from 1902-1999 before its current name. The facility floods its ponds with salt water and waits for the water to evaporate, leaving behind pure salt. Massive mountains of salt stand — hardly hidden, we know, but the factory remains a cool hidden gem to visit.Escondido 1950s "hotel"On Escondido's Utah St., a home adorned with 1950s statues and memorabilia sits. The "Heartbreak Hotel" is the culmination of Andre Villa's love of collecting, 50s memorabilia, and icons of the past. Outside the home, countless collectibles. Inside, a trove of cool knick-knacks and antiques from decades ago. Ask nicely and he may give you a tour.Solana Beach canyon trailThis trail isn't for the claustrophobic. Annie's Canyon Trail takes hikers through delicate and cramped sandstone canyons in the San Elijo Lagoon Ecological Reserve. Start at the trailhead at the end of N. Rios Ave. and follow the trail about half a mile to get to the canyons. The short trek boasts wonderful lagoon views after slinking through the canyon.Pioneer presence in Mission HillsThis park isn't hidden, but its past is below ground. Mission Hills Park, also known as Pioneer Park, was once known by another name: the Calvary Cemetery. The cemetery was a 19th-century Catholic burial ground and one of San Diego's first cemeteries. That is until the 1970s, when the city converted the plot into a park. Tombstones and graves of San Diego pioneers remain at the park. 3283

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The commissioner of the Pac-12 says 15-minute testing technology from a San Diego company could be the “game-changer” needed to restart competition in the conference before the end of the year.The Pac-12 is considering restarting college football as early as mid- to late-November, according to ESPN, as long as it can secure approvals from state and county lawmakers in California and Oregon.In some conferences, college football is entering its third week, but Pac-12 schools like USC and UCLA are still in workout mode after the conference voted last month to postpone all sports until 2021 at the earliest.League officials are now revisiting that decision and considering an earlier timeline after signing an agreement with San Diego-based Quidel Corporation to provide rapid antigen testing for all athletes, including daily tests for high-contact sports like football.“The access to rapid result testing that we can implement on even a daily basis with some sports with high contact will be a real game changer for us,” Pac-12 commissioner Larry Scott said after touring Quidel’s facility this month.Most nasal swab tests are genetic tests, or PCR tests, which seek out the genetic code buried inside the virus’ protein shell. These tests are considered the industry standard, but they require processing in a lab to convert RNA into enough readable strands of DNA. Results can sometimes take days.Quidel’s nasal swab test is what’s called an antigen test, which looks for parts of the virus’ protein shell. It can be read by machines at each university in about 15 minutes.“No one's going to be spreading the virus because no one will be engaging in practice or competition with the virus,” Scott said.That’s the hope at least, but the partnership with the Pac-12 will be an important test for Quidel’s diagnostic product.Quidel was the first company to get a rapid antigen test on the market, securing an emergency use authorization in May. But there were questions about the accuracy of the test compared to PCR tests in the small sample size provided by the company.In July, Quidel published more data showing its antigen tests matched up with PCR tests 96.7% of the time when a positive was detected. But those results were only among individuals who were actually showing symptoms.“The question that people have is in the asymptomatic population, will the data look similar?” said Quidel CEO Doug Bryant in an interview.Bryant said the company has unpublished data that will be forwarded to the FDA showing “very similar” relative accuracy to PCR tests in asymptomatic individuals, but he said the goal of the partnership with the Pac-12 is to investigate the tests even further.“We want to know that the tests we’re doing are appropriate for use in the asymptomatic population. And we need to demonstrate that, to not only the scientific community but to the public at large,” Bryant said.The testing program with the Pac-12 will essentially be a large clinical trial to find out if rapid testing of athletes can prevent spread, backed by the muscle at some of the premiere research universities.The Pac-12 is hoping the testing program will convince lawmakers to ease restrictions on college athletics, particularly in California.Although the NFL played a game at the new SoFI Stadium in Inglewood last weekend, nearby USC cannot gather in groups of more than 12 players.There are now four antigen tests on the market. Quidel plans to roll out its Sofia 2 testing machines to Pac-12 universities later this month. 3554

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