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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Local nurses are rallying for more protective equipment at our hospitals. 10News spoke with healthcare workers treating patients with coronavirus who say they're terrified for their own safety. ICU nurse, Michael Kennedy, describes what it's like on the front lines of Covid-19 at UCSD Medical Center in Hillcrest. "As you can imagine it is kind of chaotic," said Kennedy. "We're basically having to beg for masks."He, like many other health care workers, is raising a sobering flag, saying they do not have enough face masks to protect themselves. Kennedy says they've been instructed to wear bandanas instead. USCD nurses held a rally to fight back against the shortage Friday morning. "We’re already rationing supplies and we are not getting the kind of transparency we need from UCSD, from state and local officials about what we have."It's a problem reported nationwide. The demand for personal protective equipment is soaring past supply. Here in San Diego, 10News has covered stories of the community coming together to fix that problem by donating supplies and even sewing together homemade masks. County Supervisor Greg Cox acknowledged the problem at a press conference Thursday. "We had a problem with the N95 masks that were in short supply," said Cox. Kennedy is now hoping the problem doesn't get even worse. "If we experience a surge tomorrow, would we have the kinds of things we need or would we be wearing trash bags?10News reached out to UCSD who provided the following statement from Michelle Brubaker, Associate Director of Communications and Media:"Currently, UC San Diego Health has sufficient supplies of personal protective equipment, including masks and respirators, to meet the needs for patients and health workers alike.But like all health systems across the region and country, we are pursuing every avenue to diversify and increase our supply and to ensure continuing, effective levels of protection, not just in the moment but for weeks and months to come. These efforts are based upon CDC and World Health Organization guidelines regarding PPE use and are in accordance with the California Department of Public Health, San Diego County Public Health and University of California.PPE is available to nurses for any potential COVID-19 patient. PPE for COVID-19 patients is the recommended CDC PPE practice." 2367

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — If Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine is approved this week, UC San Diego Health anticipates receiving its first allocation of the vaccine next week.The vaccine will be considered on Thursday by the Food and Drug Administration. Once it receives the vaccine, UC San Diego Health says its first vaccinations could occur shortly after."Assuming the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issues an Emergency Use Authorization tomorrow or Friday, we would anticipate arrival of the first allocation of the Pfizer vaccine to UC San Diego Health next week, with the first vaccinations occurring shortly thereafter," a statement from the hospital system said. RELATED: What phased vaccine distribution will look like in San Diego CountyThe hospital system says the process of receiving and distributing the vaccine remains fluid and details still need to be finalized.Who will receive the vaccine first will be based on the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which recommends health care workers receive the vaccination first, along with residents and workers of nursing homes and long-term care facilities.RELATED: What the FDA's review reveals about Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccinePrioritization of who in those first groups receives a vaccination first will also depend on doses available. But those health care workers who face the greatest exposure to COVID-19 patients will be prioritized.This week, an outside group of vaccine experts will advise the FDA and vote on whether to recommend an emergency use authorization for the drug.FDA scientists independently confirmed Pfizer’s claim that its vaccine is 95% effective after two doses and said they found no serious safety concerns, according to documents released Tuesday.Upon approval, California is set to receive 327,000 doses of the vaccine in the first round of allocation. Of those San Diego County is scheduled to receive 28,275 doses. The second round of vaccine allocation is expected within 3-4 weeks. 1991

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In need of a summer job? Why not spend your days at Del Mar?The San Diego County Fair is hiring for seasonal positions helping in a variety of ways at the fairgrounds, from exhibit workers and parking attendants to more specialized positions like EMTs, electricians, and mechanics.One perk to working at the fair: Free admission during your time there, according to the fair.MORE SD FAIR INFO: What to know |Admission discounts | Parking and transportation | Rides and games | Fair foods | Concert headlinersAs of May 15, the fair has 315 positions that are still open.For jobs with vendors working at the fairgrounds this summer, openings will be posted on May 15 and then again on May 29.To check out what summer jobs are currently open, visit the fairground's website here. 803

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Infectious disease experts say it may take months before the first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine reach an important population: kids.Some doctors worry it may already be too late to get a vaccine authorized for younger kids before the start of the next school year because of the time it takes to recruit children and conduct a new round of clinical trials.“Our children under 12 years of age are almost certainly going into next school year without a vaccine option available for them,” said Dr. Evan Anderson, a pediatrician at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and associate professor at Emory University.Dr. Anderson said such a delay could further impact school reopenings and have resulting consequences on children’s mental health, among other concerns. He said the window is rapidly closing to get a vaccine authorized in time for children older than 12 unless more trials begin immediately.In October, Pfizer tested its vaccine candidate for the first time in 100 kids aged 12 to 15. Moderna is expected to begin testing in that age group in January, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. However, neither company has announced plans to begin testing their candidates in children under 12.That’s concerning to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been calling on vaccine-makers to include children in clinical trials since September. The AAP argues immunization is critical to stemming the pandemic.“We know that children can be infected with COVID-19 and can transmit it to others. To reduce the spread of this virus and control the pandemic as well as for their own safety, it’s crucial that children be included in the national vaccination program, and that vaccines are made available to children as soon as possible,” said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chair of the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases, in another push last month.Although COVID-19 takes a more severe toll on older adults, children make up about 12 percent of the infections in the U.S. and recent studies have shown kids over 10 years old can transmit disease as efficiently as adults, the AAP noted.More than 1.3 million kids had been infected with COVID-19 as of Nov. 26.Experts say it’s important that drug companies test COVID-19 vaccines in children separately from adults.“Kids' immune systems are really different than adults. As any pediatrician will tell you, kids are not just small adults, their immune systems behave really differently,” said Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego.Dr. Ramers said testing is needed to find the right vaccine dose for kids and see if there are any unexpected side effects.But there are challenging logistics in any pediatric trial. Since children’s immune systems change as they grow, vaccine-makers have to separate their trials into several age groups. That means more child volunteers are needed.“I mean it's more challenging, as an investigator myself for research, to enroll a kid into a study because you have to get permission [from parents],” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.Because parents have to sign off, experts say it can take much longer to enroll enough kids for a study.In a statement to ABC 10News, Pfizer said it is “working actively with regulators on a potential pediatric study plan.”“As we do with all vaccines which are initially studied in adult populations, we are following a careful, stepwise approach as we move down to younger age groups,” said Jerica Pitts, Pfizer’s director of global media relations.“Global regulatory agencies require evaluation of the candidate vaccine in pediatric populations. Moving below 12 years of age will require a new study and potentially a modified formulation or dosing schedule,” she added.Could a vaccine become mandatory at schools?Once a vaccine is approved for kids, a lot of parents are wondering if and when it might become mandatory at California schools.The California Department of Public Health told ABC 10News several things would need to be in place before it would consider making a vaccine mandatory at either schools or child care facilities.The vaccine would need to reviewed and approved by the FDA and recommended for use in children by the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The state would also look for a recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and there would need to be "sufficient vaccine supply to enable access for all children."READ MORE: Will California make the COVID vaccine mandatory at schools? 4602