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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Friday bade farewell to renowned educationist Huo Maozheng, who died of illness on Feb. 11 at the age of 88, at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.State Councilor Liu Yandong joined Premier Wen at the funeral. Vice President Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Li Keqiang previously expressed their condolences.Huo was among China's first group of "100 contemporary educationists," a top honor conferred by the government. She was vice principal of the Beijing No. 2 Experimental Primary School.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) attends Huo Maozheng's funeral in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 19, 2010. Wen Jiabao on Friday bade farewell to renowned educationist Huo Maozheng, who died of illness on Feb. 11 at the age of 88, at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.  She was also member of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), China's top political advisory body, and member of the standing committees of the sixth, seventh and eighth CPPCC National Committees.Huo graduated in 1943 from the Mathematics and Physics Department of the Beijing Normal University.

BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- China is scheduled to issue 26 billion yuan (3.82 billion U.S. dollars) of book-entry treasury bonds from Jan. 28, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) announced Wednesday.The two-year bonds, the first batch of treasury bonds this year, will be issued on the national inter-bank bond market and securities exchange market on Jan. 28 and Jan. 29, the MOF said in a statement on its website.The bonds have a fixed annual interest rate of 2.01 percent and will be available for trading from Feb. 2. Interest will be paid annually. The principal will be paid upon maturity on Jan. 28, 2012.

GUANGZHOU, Feb. 14 (Xinhua) -- As the bell struck midnight Saturday to usher in the New Year, a real-name train ticket selling experiment ended in southern China's Guangdong Province.The move has turned out to be helpful in easing ticket shortages during a travel peak season before the Spring Festival, or Chinese Lunar New Year, but failed to uproot scalpers.In 15 days, the operation initiated by the Ministry of Railways among nine stations run by Guangzhou Railway Group has benefited 600,000 travellers who went on their journeys home from Guangdong since Jan. 30 to inland provinces of Hunan, Sichuan and Guizhou, and Chongqing Municipality.The stations were in cities whose economy heavily relies upon migrant workers, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan and Huizhou, all in Guangdong, known as "Factory of the World".With the real-name ticket selling scheme, gone were those long waiting queues -- which had been ubiquitous before the experiment-- at the entrances of Guangzhou Railway Station where transportation task is usually the heaviest around important traditional festive seasons such as Spring Festival.Xiong Xiaoyan, who was heading for her home province of Guizhou, southwest China, was surprised to find the ticket-checking process taking only 10 seconds."I thought the waiting line would be much longer than normal as the identity card check was supposed to take more time", she said, "I didn't expect it to be so prompt!"Huang Xin, director of the passenger transport section of the Guangzhou Railway Group, attributed the efficiency to the improved ticket check-in infrastructure. "We used to have only seven to eight ticket gates. Now the number has grown up to 108," Huang said.At each entrance gate to the platform, an identity recognition system was put into place. Inspectors could scan a traveller's ticket and his or her ID card separately on two sets of equipment: screens will immediately display the information about a ticket purchaser and the ID card holder with photos. If the names and codes on the ticket and ID card matches, inspectors will stamp the ticket and let go the traveller.Huang said that this year's pre-Spring Festival single-day traffic record had overtaken that of last year to 232,000 people on Feb. 28."I think the pilot operation has successfully passed the ticket check-in test as the extra procedure aiming to secure fairness cut rather than prolong travelers' waiting time," said Huang.Dozens of train stations in Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou, home to a huge number of migrant workers, started to pilot the real-name train ticket selling scheme on Sunday.Tens of millions of migrant workers go back home before the Spring Festival for often once-in-a-year family reunions. They return to cities after the festival.The scheme runs through March 10.SCALPERS CORNERED NOT UPROOTEDBefore the name-based system was adopted, travellers had long complained about scalpers worsening the ticket shortage problem by stockpiling tickets and reselling them at higher prices as the country's railway transport capacity falls far short of its annual Spring Festival traffic demand.During this travelling season from Jan. 30 to March 10, the railways were expected to transport 210 million passengers, up 9.5 percent year on year, or 5.25 million passengers per day, according to the Ministry of Railways.Migrant worker Wang Xiangneng from central Hunan Province thought the real-name system had put a curb on scalpers. "Anyone can buy a ticket either by phone calls or at ticket booths now. It is really first-come and first-served," said Wang.Taking himself as example, Wang said that a one-way ticket for a hard seat from Guangzhou to Shaoyang priced at 51 yuan used to be sold at least 200 yuan by scalpers in the past."If we were able to secure a ticket from the station or authorized outlets, we could have several days' pay spared. That is not a small amount for us," he said.But there are people always trying to beat the new system to make illegal profits. Police in Guangdong have captured 837 illegal ticket vendors and confiscated more than 2,500 scalped tickets by Feb. 8.In Chongqing, local police have also cracked down on several ticket scalping cases.From two suspects, the police have seized 37 real-name tickets, 115 IDs for ticket booking via phone calls and four household registration booklets. The two suspects surnamed Wang and Gou separately confessed they would charge an extra 20 to 30 yuan for each ticket.Yue Jinglun, director of the Social Policy Research Institute of the Guangzhou-based Sun Yat-sen University, said there was much to be done to prevent the real-name system from being taken advantage of by scalpers."No one would deny that the trial operation has been a very positive step in securing fair distribution of scarce train ticket resources. The key is to constantly optimize the system, rather than abandoning it for fear of defects," he said.Huang Xin said the way to tackle train ticket shortage problem from the root was to expand the country's railway transport capacity. "At the core this is supply-and-demand problem," he said.

BEIJING, Feb. 17 (Xinhua) -- Even as some Chinese women claim discrimination at the workplace, a government blue paper says education has been important in narrowing the income gap between men and women.The blue paper, "China's educational development report 2009," released by the Social Sciences Academic Press at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a major government think tank, says women who have received higher education suffer less gender discrimination at work."With the advancement of women's education level, the income gap between men and women has gradually narrowed," the blue paper said.According to 2005 government figures, the ratio of average income between women and men with junior high school diploma was 68 percent; 78 percent for senior high school diploma; 80 percent for junior college certificates; and 83 percent for college education.The paper said gender discrimination in employment is increasingly obvious in China, with even the employment prospects for female college graduates serious, let alone women without college education.The paper said society, employers, schools and women themselves should make efforts to change gender inequality in employment.China has broadened educational opportunities by popularizing higher education and granting all children equal and free, nine-year compulsory education.

来源：资阳报