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According to a recent paper, the Earth is caught directly in the crosshairs of a cosmic hurricane.A swarm of nearly 100 stars, accompanied by an even greater amount of dark matter, is aimed directly at our stellar neighborhood and there's nothing we can do to stop it; in fact, the vanguard is already upon us. This sounds like a perfect summer blockbuster movie, starring The Rock and Chris Pratt, or maybe Scarlett Johansson and Charlize Theron.Except this is for real. But is it a danger? Well, actually, no. Not at all. But it's potentially incredibly fascinating, with lots of interesting scientific interconnections. So, what is really going on?The story starts last April, when the Gaia satellite announced the locations and trajectories of 2 billion stars in the vicinity of the Milky Way surrounding our sun. They released the data to the public.Scientists were then able to look at the data set to see if they could spot anything peculiar. In galaxies like the Milky Way, the most common behavior is that the stars orbit the center of the galaxy in a manner broadly similar to the planets orbiting our sun. However, there are some stars that exhibit unusual motion. About a year ago, astronomers identified some "stellar streams" passing through our celestial neighborhood.One of them, called S1 (for stream 1), consists of nearly 100 stars of similar age and composition, orbiting the Milky Way in a direction exactly opposite that of normal stars. It's kind of like a handful of cars driving the wrong way down the highway, except with a much greater distance between them and with no likelihood of a collision. These stars are spread out over a few thousand light years and they will pass through the solar system's neighborhood over the course of a few million years.Astronomers identified S1 as being part of the remnants of a dwarf galaxy that collided with the Milky Way and was consumed in an epic episode of cosmic cannibalism. Dwarf galaxies are very small, typically about 1% the mass of the Milky Way. They can orbit larger galaxies and collide with the bigger galaxy, adding their mass to the parent. This is what appears to have happened in the case of S1, although the process has taken probably a billion years.Dwarf galaxies often have a disproportionately large fraction of dark matter. Dark matter is a hypothetical and still-undiscovered form of matter that interacts only gravitationally. Scientists have proposed its existence to explain many astronomical mysteries, for example the observation that most galaxies rotate faster than can be explained by the known laws of physics and the stars and gas of which they are composed.While dark matter has not yet been observed, hypothesizing its existence is the simplest and most economical explanation for myriad astronomical mysteries. Averaged over the entire universe, dark matter is thought to be five times more prevalent than the ordinary mass of stars and gas and planets.In dwarf galaxies, the fraction of dark matter is often higher. In Fornax, a well-studied dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way, researchers estimate that the dark matter is between 10 and 100 times greater than the mass found in its stars.If that number holds for S1, the dark matter of the S1 stream is passing through the Earth at a much higher velocity than the more ordinary dark matter that orbits the Milky Way -- about twice as fast. It is thought that S1 dark matter is flying through the solar system at a speed of about 550 km/s, or about 1.2 million mph. While these numbers are impressive, they are misleading. Dark matter, if it exists, is extremely diffuse and it will have no discernible effect on the solar system.Because dark matter hasn't been observed yet, these velocity numbers are speculative, although they are strongly supported by a very large body of evidence. However, the prospect of high velocity dark matter flying through the Earth has suggested an opportunity to detect it.In a paper in the prestigious journal Physical Review D, researcher Ciaran O'Hare and his collaborators calculated the possibilities of discovering dark matter using both existing and proposed dark matter detectors. They considered two varieties of dark matter particles: a very heavy kind called a WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) and a very light kind called an axion. Because the ultimate nature of dark matter is not known, it is important to be open to all possibilities.They found that the detectors they evaluated could find WIMPs for certain ranges of the particle mass. However, when they looked at the axion possibility, it appeared the prospects were even better. Because of its light mass and the manner in which an axion would interact with the detector, the apparatus simply has a better chance of seeing the axion. (If axions exist, of course.)Experiments with names like ADMX, MADMAX and ABRACADABRA are able or will be able to search for the signatures of dark matter proposed in the recent paper. They consist of technologies that are designed to interact with axions in a strong magnetic field and convert them to ordinary microwaves or radio waves that can be easily detected.It's important to remember that the S1 stream poses no credible threat to the Earth and humanity. There is no need for an action hero to save us. However, the synergy of science is staggering. A careful catalog of nearby stars has opened the prospect of a better possibility of finding and identifying dark matter, which is one of the great unanswered mysteries of modern physics. It's an amazing time we live in, in which we can study such things.\ 5625
After weeks of tensions, China and the United States have reached an initial agreement on trade.Both parties said in a joint statement on Saturday that China has agreed to "significantly increase" purchases of US goods and services, in order to reduce the trade imbalance between the two countries. This was a top demand of the Trump administration during two days of trade talks in Washington with Chinese officials."To meet the growing consumption needs of the Chinese people and the need for high-quality economic development, China will significantly increase purchases of United States goods and services," the statement said. "This will help support growth and employment in the United States."The pledge for more cooperation comes as the US and China, the world's two largest economies, have threatened tens of billions of dollars in tariffs that could lead to a trade war.Both sides also agreed to "meaningful increases" in US agriculture and energy exports, the statement said. The US intends to send a team to China to hammer out the details.The announcement did not put a dollar amount on the commitment from China.US officials on Thursday told CNN that Beijing had proposed boosting Chinese purchases of American goods by around 0 billion. But at a regular news briefing in Beijing on Friday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang denied such an offer had been made. 1394

After Johnny Bobbitt Jr., a homeless man with just in his pocket, gave stranded motorist Kate McClure the money for gas last October, the woman and her boyfriend raised 0,000 to help him out.But the feel-good viral story recently devolved into a feud over how much money Bobbitt had yet to see.The case went to a New Jersey court on Thursday, where a judge ruled the couple needs to provide a full accounting of where the money has gone and said until then the remaining money needs to be turned over to Bobbitt's legal team and kept in a trust.According to CNN affiliates WPVI and KYW, McClure and Mark D'Amico had the money they raised on GoFundMe in their personal accounts, Bobbitt's lawyer said.The two sides differed as to how much had been disbursed. McClure's and D'Amico's attorney said they had provided Bobbitt with more than 0,000, WPVI and KYW reported. Bobbitt's lawyer, Chris Fallon, said the amount was about ,000.CNN called Ernest Badway, an attorney for the couple, who said he had no comment. In court he told the judge the couple "have said they will have a forensic accountant. They have said they are fine with the trustee. They have said they will open up the books. What more can they do?"He urged the public to withhold judgment until the accounting of the money was finished.The judge wants that done by September 10, WPVI reported.KYW reported the judge ordered the remaining money put in trust on Friday."What I would say to those people is thank you for your generosity," Fallon said outside court, "and we'll work hard to make sure that that money gets spent the way you all wanted it spent."Some of the money went to GoFundme administrative fees.In an interview earlier this week with The Philadelphia Inquirer, McClure said she and D'Amico did what they could to help Bobbitt, who has a drug addiction, according to Fallon. The couple told the newspaper they gave Bobbitt more than half the money but were withholding the rest until he gets a job and is drug-free.The-CNN-Wire 2029
All across our country, small business owners are fighting day in and day out to stay afloat during these uncertain times.Two small business owners in Utah have seen just about everything in their lifetimes, and their resolve to keep going is inspiring.In the heart of Sugarhouse, Utah, there’s a place that uses perhaps more sugar than anywhere else.“We bake a lot of eclairs,” said Bob Walkenhorst with a smile.Bob is 87-years-old and his older brother, Al, is 92-years-old.For almost six decades, Bob and Al Walkenhorst have been showing up to work at Carol’s Pastry Shop in a suburb of Salt Lake City.“I get up every morning at 5:30 and get down here about 6 am,” Bob said.“We have a lousy retirement plan,” added Al with a chuckle.The co-owners mix together like peanut butter and jelly.“We get along good together,” Bob said. “We’ve never had an argument.”They say baking is in their blood.“My dad came over to this country in 1924 and this was the bakery,“ Al said pointing to and old black-and-white photo.The brothers were separated when Uncle Sam came calling.“In 1950, I got drafted for the Korean War, just started, so I pulled Bob out of high school and he took over at the bakery,” Al said. “When I came home, he left for two years to serve.”They have seen their fair share of change.“There isn’t really any little bakeries opened up anymore,” Al said. “They’re dropping by the wayside.”Since March, it’s not big box stores making business tough, it’s a new, bitter ingredient.“It was just after that virus hit,” Bob said. “We stayed open and never closed, but it’s been slow. There is just nobody coming in.”Owning a small business is tough, but COVID-19 is making it even harder.“We depend on all that business just what comes in the door,” Al said. “We aren’t getting those big orders anymore.”The brothers hope to keep making eclairs and fresh donuts for as many years as they can.“Hard work is what keeps us going and gives us something to do,” Al said.Now, the next generation is pitching in.“I love getting to work with my grandpa and great uncle,” said Conner Johnson. “They are amazing.”Bob and Al want to keep Carol’s Pastry Shop in the family.“I don’t know what’s gonna happen in the future,” Johnson said. “It’s hard to tell what’s going to happen even day by day now.”For now, the brothers plan on showing up every day.“COVID is not going to stop these guys,” Johnson said with a laugh.Al listened in and smiled.“You know, it’s like my father used to tell me; if you put in good work and good ingredients, then you always get a good product out of it,” Al said. “We’ve always used the best ingredients there is.” 2647
Actor Ryan Reynolds launched a diversity program that will give minorities a chance to work in the film industry.The "Deadpool" star launched "The Group Effort Initiative" to "invest in the talent and creativity of any and all under-represented communities who’ve felt this industry didn’t have room for their dreams." 326
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