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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Supervised exercise was shown to be more effective than stenting or medication for improved walking ability in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), according to a U.S. study reported Wednesday at the 2011 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions meeting.The research group reported that of 111 patients studied in the randomized trial, the most effective treatment proved to be supervised exercise based on the results of a treadmill test taken at baseline and again at six months. Patients who were in the supervised exercise group improved by a mean of 4.6 minutes in the treadmill test, while the group who received stents improved by a mean of 2.5 minutes. However, researchers found that self-reported quality of life measurements proved to be higher in the group that received stents, even though their ability to walk did not improve as greatly as the group that received supervised exercise rehabilitation.The findings were published in the November issue of the journal Circulation. The researchers believe that more studies are necessary, although supervised exercise may be an effective treatment recommended for PAD patients with claudication.PAD is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries and affects blood flow, especially to the legs. It is estimated that between 10 and 12 million people suffer from PAD in the United States. One symptom of PAD is known as claudication, a painful cramping of the leg muscles that limits the patient's ability to walk. It affects nearly 2 million people who suffer from PAD, and results in a sedentary lifestyle and poor quality of life.Current U.S. guidelines for the treatment of claudication include pharmacotherapy, supervised exercise rehabilitation and lower extremity revascularization using stents.

BEIJING, Oct. 3 (Xinhuanet) -- Ziqian (not his real name, but an avatar he uses online) is in Paris working on his master's degree, but he stays in close touch with his contacts in China through Sina Corp's Weibo, a micro blog platform. It was a pleasant way to keep up with acquaintances. But that all changed when Ziqian quoted a blog post from an alumnus of his alma mater, Nanjing University, on July 5. It said the school did not organize students to sing Red songs ahead of July 1, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Ziqian suddenly found himself inundated with comments from enraged bloggers whom he didn't know. He had lost all integrity, they said.Ziqian spent the whole night arguing with one netizen who assailed him with insults. He was left feeling tired and puzzled.He said he would have given up micro-blogging altogether as "purely useless", but he uses it to stay in touch with his girlfriend.Micro-blogging has been growing rapidly, dwarfing the many other forms of social networking that came into being only three or four years ago.Famed for spreading messages almost instantly and supervising the doings of agencies and organizations, micro blogs have already won some notable battles.In March, micro-bloggers persuaded the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to spare 600 old trees that were to be cut down; they also organized assistance to earthquake victims in Japan.In July, they brought the Red Cross Society of China and other philanthropies under scrutiny.But, like everything in life, there is also a downside to micro-blogging.In the Weibo-dominated virtual world, Ziqian's experience has proved a common occurrence. A 28-year-old woman, surnamed Zhang, who declined to disclose her full name, works at a TV station in Jiangsu province. She recounted her recent encounter with online abusive remarks.After watching a popular talent show, Zhang wrote half-jokingly online - without using her real name - that the program was boring and lacked imagination. Regarding herself as an "industry insider", Zhang believed her reasoning had some objective basis.Nevertheless, she was soon confronted with a wave of criticism, some of it vulgar, saying she had no appreciation for the arts."I was very depressed by the comments. It's like you get kidnapped by mainstream opinion," she said. "I lost the desire to share my views with others.""I respect the freedom of speech doctrine, and everyone is allowed to publicize his or her thoughts," Zhang wrote in a separate post. "But don't hurl random assaults at others and take for granted that whatever you say is truth."Micro blogs have also made some ordinary people famous, though not in the way they would like.Zhang Mingyi, 22, is one such person.After appearing on a dating show on Shanghai-based Dragon TV, she said her micro blog inboxes were filled every day with letters lashing out at her, because of her open enthusiasm for Japanese culture and a failed marriage.Some netizens are relentless in their resentment of her. Even her micro blog followers received warnings to stay away from the "quisling". One such message read: "Go tell her to marry a Japanese man. Don't act so shamelessly in China".Similarly, Guo Meimei, now a household name, said she was being stalked and even threatened in early September, after she bragged in a micro blog post about her wealth and - untruthfully - claimed to hold a position at the Red Cross Society of China.Bloggers launched a vast campaign boycotting a song she released online and an online game she endorsed. They satirized her plastic surgeries and gossiped about her whereabouts. In a recent interview with China Daily, Guo said the animosity she stirred was so intense that she had even considered suicide."I feel like I am an enemy of the state," she said. "The truth is that I am just a stupid girl who did something really stupid. No matter what I do, nobody wants to forgive me."Celebrities are more likely to become the targets of the word-of-mouth maelstrom online. Yang Lan, for instance, a famous TV anchorwoman, came under tremendous pressure as bloggers dug into her connections with China-Africa Hope Project, an organization set up by a prominent philanthropist, Lu Junqing, that became controversial because he empowered his 24-year-old daughter to manage the charity's substantial donated funds.Bloggers questioned whether the purpose of Lu's initiative was charity or cashing in on donators. Rumors held sway on micro blogs.A recent study from University of Michigan suggests that it is crucial that people distinguish between the truth and unfounded rumors in online social media, where vast amounts of information are easily spread across a large network by sources of unverified authority.According to Xie Gengyun, author of the 2010 China Micro Blog Annual Report and deputy dean at the Arts and Humanities Research Institute at Shanghai Jiaotong University, micro blogs can generate and spread unfounded rumors, such as the "Shanxi earthquake" and "Louis Cha's death"."Micro-bloggers are currently the better-educated people in China. But users will soon include those at the grassroots level, and the function of micro blogs will change from celebrity-watching to online socializing and venting about life's disappointments," Xie said.China's Internet, with more registered users than any other nation, is a lively forum for public opinion, said Xinhua News Agency. But "concocting rumors is itself a social malady, and the spread of rumors across the Internet presents a massive social threat."The micro blog platform tends to breed more rumors and assaults than other channels because of the limited amount of characters each post can use, according to Xiong Yihan, a sociologist with Fudan University."The word limit has made it hard to present a balanced and fair opinion. Besides, posts with extreme views are more likely to be forwarded online, because they satisfy people's thirst for the unknown," Xiong said.Xiong said Internet companies should suspend the accounts of users who spread rumors or libelous statements.

XI'AN, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- Fish in Hongjiannao Lake, China's largest desert freshwater lake, are teetering on the verge of extinction, according to local fishery authorities."The fish in Hongjiannao have nearly vanished," said Li Weiping, the head of a fish monitoring station in northwest China's Shaanxi province.As the lake continues to shrink, its water has become more salty and its pH reading has reached 9.6, while the maximum reading suitable for fish is 8.5, according to Li.The lake has gradually lost the water that it used to get from underground streams and rivers, Li said, adding that excessive coal mining around the lake has changed the way water flows underground. Two reservoirs have been built on two rivers near the upper reaches of the lake, preventing river water from flowing into the lake.The lake's water level has plunged by 20 to 30 centimeters every year. Its total surface area has been reduced to 41.8 square km, down from 67 km in 1996.

UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 28 (Xinhua) -- China's progress in meeting a development goal on children's health can serve as an inspiration to other countries working towards the same objective, Dr. Renee Van de Weerdt, chief of maternal, newborn and child health at the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) told Xinhua in an interview Friday.Van de Weerdt said that "the example of China is very encouraging because it means it can be done, even in a very big country with a very big population."China is on track to meet the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG), one of the eight development targets that the international community has pledged to meet by 2015. MDG 4 requires that each country reduce its rate of mortality for children under age five to two-thirds of what it was in 1990.According to Van de Weerdt, most deaths of children under five take place in the first month of life. After the first month, the most prevalent causes of death are pneumonia and diarrhea.ACHIEVING THE GOAL WORLDWIDEThe international community has been doing "relatively well" in working towards achieving MDG 4, Van de Weerdt said.The UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) stated in their 2011 Report on Levels and Trends in Child Mortality that the number of under-five deaths worldwide has dropped from more than 12 million in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010."We really continue to see progress," Van de Weerdt said. "The number of children that die every year continues to drop so we are really pleased to see that progress. Unfortunately, the progress isn't sufficient to really be able to say that if we continue at this pace we would achieve MDG 4 by 2015."Some regions, according to Van de Weerdt, like Latin America and parts of Asia are making more headway towards the goal than others that are currently lagging behind.