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Doctors at Henry Ford Health System penned an opened letter on the hospital's study of hydroxychloroquine being used to treat COVID-19.It comes just days after Dr. Anthony Fauci called the study "flawed" while testifying in front of a House subcommittee."As an early hotspot for the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen and lived its devastating effects alongside our patients and families. Perhaps that’s what makes us even more determined to rally our researchers, front-line care team members and leaders together in boldness, participating in scientific research, including clinical trials, to find the safest care and most effective treatments. While feeling the same sense of urgency everyone else does to recognize a simple, single remedy for COVID-19, we need to be realistic in the time it takes to fully understand the optimal therapy or combination of therapies required of a new virus we are all trying to contain," Dr. Adnan Munkarah and Dr. Steven Kalkanis said in the letter.The study has been among a handful to show positive results of using hydroxychloroquine as a coronavirus medicine. But the FDA has recommended against using the drug outside of a hospital or clinical setting after a number of studies showed the drug was ineffective at treating coronavirus patients. On Friday, Fauci said the study, which has been touted by President Donald Trump and other Republicans, contradicts other studies that found the drug does not effectively treat COVID-19."That study is a flawed study, and I think anyone who examines it carefully is that it is not a randomized placebo-controlled trial," Fauci said. "The most well-accepted and definitive method to determine the efficacy of a treatment is a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. However, this type of study takes a long time to design, execute and analyze," the doctors wrote.You can read the entire letter below. 1893

Each winter, many people wonder whether its worth getting a flu shot while health officials repeatedly warn against not getting one.Now a new study sheds light on the benefit of doing so. Even when the flu shot is just 20% effective it can still reduce US doctor visits due to illness by an estimated 20 million in a single year, the new report published in the scientific journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States) finds.In addition, vaccination also can prevent thousands of hospitalizations and deaths, the study authors estimated based on the average vaccination coverage rate in the United States."Getting vaccinated against influenza is beneficial to the individual and to the community even when the vaccine is of relatively low efficacy," said Burton H. Singer, co-author of the study and an adjunct professor for the Emerging Pathogens Institute at University of Florida in Gainesville.Caused by viruses, flu is a contagious respiratory illness with mild to severe symptoms that can sometimes lead to death. The flu virus evolves rapidly and new viruses circulate in different parts of the world, so each year scientists must reformulate the vaccine. Add to that an imperfect manufacturing process and even a 'good match' formulation may not be as effective as scientists would like.In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated just 36% effectiveness for the 2017-18 seasonal vaccine as of February 3. (The season ends in May.)For the new study, Singer and his colleagues created a mathematical model of flu transmission and vaccination to evaluate how much illness is prevented by even a very low effectiveness flu vaccine. The research team found that at the average rate of US coverage even a poor vaccine would prevent a significant amount of illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths.For example, at just 43% coverage (the average rate of Americans who received a flu shot for the years 2012 through 2017), a vaccine with just 20% effectiveness could avert more than 20 million infections or illnesses as compared to not getting the vaccine. In addition, 129,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths could be prevented.Based on the model, if more people got a flu shot, say half of the US population, the same 20% effective flu shot would prevent an additional 3.63 million infections, 21,987 hospitalizations and 8,479 deaths."When a vaccine is fully effective on 50% or more of the people who are vaccinated, you need to primarily focus on vaccinating young children," said Singer. The reason? Children are still building immunity and they pass germs around at school."As efficacy of the vaccine decreases, it becomes increasingly important for the elderly to be vaccinated in addition to young children," said Singer, since the elderly are more likely to develop complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, which can be deadly.The CDC reported a total of 160 flu-related deaths in children and 30,064 flu-related hospitalizations overall?between October 1, 2017 and April 21, 2018. The highest rate of hospitalization occurred among adults 65 years old and older.Richard Webby, a flu scientist who is part of the World Health Organization's advisory board and a member of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's Department of Infectious Diseases, said "effectiveness estimates go up and down based on a number of factors including match of vaccine and circulating strain and probably other factors we don't fully understand.""The take home message from the past few seasons is that there is much room for improvement," said Webby, who was not involved in the research.Still, more people, particularly the elderly, need to get vaccinated even when the vaccine effectiveness is lower than hoped, Webby said: "This study suggests that even with a less than optimal vaccine there is still much public health benefit that can be achieved if these are used properly and widely." 3992

Dr. Jill Biden is making history as the first first lady to have a full-time job in addition to her role in the White House.“I think this is an opportunity to bring the role of first lady into the 21st century,” Ohio University professor of history Katherine Jellison said.Jellison at Ohio University studies first ladies’ influence on gender ideology and how experiences of first ladies inform America's idea of U.S. family life.“We have a first lady who’s living a life more like the average American woman," Jellison said. "Who in our society in the year 2020-2021 balances her family life and her work life."Biden is an English professor at Northern Virginia Community College. Even though the pandemic has brought new challenges to teaching, she says she will continue her full-time job as an educator while standing alongside her husband in the White House next year.“She has said on many occasions ‘being a teacher isn’t what I do, it’s who I am,'” Jellison said.Kim Churches is the CEO of American Association for University Women. AAUW is an organization that works to advance gender equity for women and girls.“By seeing that Dr. Jill Biden is not only passionate about being a teacher, but really embraces it as part of her whole self, will really change the way that we think about women’s roles in all of society,” Churches said.Churches says Dr. Jill Biden is serving as a prime role model for young girls who want to create and sustain change.“For 231 years, we have seen a first lady as stepping back behind the president – her husband – in all of these roles," Churches said. "But now we’re in a time when women make up half of the workforce, and by Dr. Biden really emulating and showing that a woman’s place is in the family, and the woman’s place can be in the workforce – and she can choose both – is really allowing women to see themselves and how they’re operating in their families today.”Traditionally, when the position of first lady developed, her role was described as the pinnacle of advanced home making. Much of her attention was put toward fashion and entertaining guests. For the past few decades, Jellison says there’s been less focus on appearance, and more focus on substance like the professional strides she takes and her influence on politics.“Someone like an Eleanor Roosevelt, a Hillary Clinton, Michelle Obama have been real players in terms of advising their husbands on policies and also being major players in their own right," Jellison said. "Going out and championing important causes.”Considering Dr. Biden is an educator and a mother, Churches says she’s optimistic about her time in office.“I really hope that as Dr. Biden embarks on working and on her bold agenda as first lady, that we can also begin to center the incredible need for care giving and valuing caregiving in our nation," Churches said, "Flexible work schedules – look, women make up half the labor force, but many of them are having to choose between family or paychecks right now because of all the uncertainties the COVID pandemic has laid bare.”Whether working a full-time job or not, both Jellison and Churches say they would like to see first ladies in the future given more freedom to be themselves. 3230

Dr. Michael Drake became the University of California's first Black president on Tuesday, the Board of Regents announced in a press release.Dr. Drake will replace Janet Napolitano when she steps down in August.“Dr. Drake personifies the qualities we looked for in selecting a new president: He is committed to seeing the whole student and to supporting all our students. He recognizes the incalculable value of faculty and staff to the University’s mission, and he understands the importance of the public and private partnerships that help us achieve that mission,” said John A. Pérez, chair of the UC Board of Regents in the release. “As the first person of color to serve as UC president, Dr. Drake returns to UC at an important point in the University’s journey. This is a homecoming the University of California is very excited to be celebrating early.”Drake will oversee 10 campuses, five medical centers, three nationally affiliated labs, more than 280,000 students, and 230,000 faculty and staff.Up until this past week, Drake was president at The Ohio State University beginning in 2014.“Much has changed in the 15 years since I was given the privilege of becoming chancellor at UC Irvine, but not my absolute belief in this great University and its time-honored mission,” Drake said in the press release. “I look forward to working with the regents, chancellors, students, faculty, staff, alumni, and our broader community as we, together, guide the University through the challenging times ahead. Brenda and I are thrilled to be back. Fiat Lux!” 1564

Driving down a dirt logging road in rural Maine, paramedic Nathan Yerxa can’t help but take in the view most days. Looking out over the landscape here, it’s as if the sky and the land seem to merge.Yerxa is a paramedic for North East Mobile Health Services and stationed in Jackman, Maine, a small town in the northern part of this state home to about 700 people. From the edge of town, you can see the Canadian border in the distance, and on any given day, paramedics here are responsible for covering an area that’s approximately the size of the state of Rhode Island.“The remote landscape and difficult terrain make it difficult to bring resources to the area,” Yerxa said, as he drove through town in a Ford pickup truck that’s been converted to an all-terrain ambulance.Like rural communities across the country, getting patients to an emergency room in this area is a difficult, often time-consuming task. The closest ER is about 70 miles away, a trip that can sometimes take close to two hours. While Jackman does have a community health center, the facility can’t perform many emergency procedures most larger hospitals can.So, in an effort to save time and lives, the emergency room is being brought to Jackman in an innovative new way, harnessing technology and the expertise of paramedics likes Yerxa.“I think it’s one of those situations where what’s old is new again,” he said.The idea is a Critical Access Integrated Paramedic program. Paramedics here are receiving more training in critical care. While at the same time, that pickup truck Yerxa relies on is being outfitted with tools like satellite internet and a satellite phone. First responders even have heart rate monitors that can send data wirelessly to a doctor anywhere.The concept is simple. Using technology, paramedics can instantly connect to a doctor no matter where they take a call. From stitches to ultrasounds, paramedics in this region are bridging the rural healthcare gap by instantly connecting via video chat to a doctor who may be hours away.“It is in many ways like a high-tech home visit that you might have seen 60 years ago, but we’re also bringing urgent care services with us,” Yerxa explained.Finding new ways for rural communities to connect is a key component to the program's success.Nationwide 25 million people don't have access to broadband.The COVID-19 pandemic has only magnified the issue. In Maine alone, 36,000 telehealth calls were made last month up from 650 the same time last year. Many times, though, patients and doctors have trouble connecting because of poor internet connections.Town manager Victoria Forkus pushed hard for the program.“We were in a way forced to implement this new program early because of COVID,” she said while sitting inside Jackman’s town offices.The whole program is costing Jackman and surrounding communities about 0,000 a year to implement. Some of the money will come from a tax increase, which is no small feat in a town where the median income is just ,000.But out here, the program has overwhelming support.“What’s the dollar amount on one of my neighbors’ lives? What’s the cost of saving a community member? It’s priceless,” Forkus added.The concept of the program is gaining attention across the state.Jim Rogers, with Health Connect Networks based in Maine, is lobbying Congress hard to expand rural broadband connectivity. It’s something he says is now more imperative than ever given the pandemic.“People in these rural communities just don’t have adequate internet to support a telehealth consult,” he said.As for Yerxa, he sees the program as something other rural communities across the country can emulate.“Hopefully, we can now provide 24-hour coverage to patients in any of these rural locations.” 3770

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