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BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank governor has spoken highly of the government's rapid responses to the current global financial crisis, featuring decisively adopting a proactive fiscal policy and an adaptively easing monetary policy, and launching a bundle of timely, targeted and temporary policies and measures.     The prompt, decisive and effective policy measures adopted by the Chinese government demonstrates "its superior system advantage when it comes to making vital policy decisions," says Zhou Xiaochuan, president of the People's Bank of China (PBC), in an article entitled "Changing Pro-cyclicality for Financial and Economic Stability."     It is Zhou's third article published on the central bank's official website (WWW.PBC.GOV.CN) this week to discuss the issue of the current global financial crisis. His first and second articles, published on Monday and Tuesday, are entitled "Reform the International Monetary System" and "On Savings Ratio," respectively.     In the third article, the 61-year old central bank governor tries to find out the root causes for the current financial crisis, including but not limited to lessons on monetary policy, financial sector regulations, accounting rules.     The top Chinese banker says he wants to stimulate debate and discussions on some of the pro-cyclical features in the system, possible remedial measures, and how monetary and fiscal authorities can play their professional roles at times of severe market distress.     "Financial crises normally originate in the accumulation of bubbles and their subsequent bursts. Usually, economists pay a lot of attentions to pro-cyclicality on the macro level.     However, on the micro level, there are quite a number of notable pro-cyclical features embedded in the market structure today, which should be addressed as we deal with the current crisis and reform the financial system," he says.     Zhou suggests that in the current market structure, more counter-cyclical mechanisms or negative feedback loops on micro-level should be put in place to sustain a more stable financial system.     In the article, he notes that rating problems and herding phenomenon arise from outsourcing.     The global financial system relies heavily on the external credit ratings for investment decisions and risk management, giving rise to a prominent feature of pro-cyclicality, according to the central bank governor.     "Economic upswings produce euphoria and downturns generate pessimism," he says, "Many market players adopting ratings from the three agencies and using them as the yardstick for operations and internal performance assessments clearly result in a massive "herd behavior" at the institutional level."     Zhou points out that some market players seem to have forgotten that the ratings are no more than indicators of default probabilities based on past experiences but were never meant to be guarantees for the future, he says. "Once problems take place, as we have seen during the current crisis, fingers are pointed to the rating agencies," he says.     He suggests that financial institutions should try to rely more on internal rating in assessing risks.     He calls for giving full play to the professional role of authorities in maintaining overall financial stability and establishing a counter-cyclical mechanism for capital requirement     "To stabilize markets under severe stress, finance ministries and central banks need to act fast and apply extraordinary measures," he says, "Untimely or delayed response falls behind the curve and would make the outcome less than desired even if the response is correct and strong."     In modern Western societies, a prolonged political process for mandates to finance ministries or central banks often miss the best timing for action, Zhou says, adding, "We have observed such cases during the current crisis."     He suggests that governments and legislatures may consider giving pre-authorized mandates to ministries of finance and central banks to use extraordinary means to contain systemic risk under well-defined stress scenarios, in order to allow them to act boldly and expeditiously without having to go through a lengthy or even painful approval process.     "Such systematic pre-authorized mandates would put the specialized expertise of finance ministries and central banks to the best use when markets need it the most," he stresses.     The central bank governor attributes China's current success in easing the impacts of the crisis to the country's financial sector reform and ongoing macroeconomic stimulus measures     In 2003, fully aware of the systemic vulnerabilities of China's banking industry, the Chinese government made a courageous and strategic decision to restructure the four state-owned commercial banks, says Zhou, who took over as the PBC governor in late 2002.     In the article, Zhou gives a look back on the reforms of the country's major banks and security industry.     But he warns, "We should bear in mind that despite the notable achievements in banking reform, the major banks have not gone through a full business cycle and still have much to improve. An economic slowdown will be the ultimate stress test for the robustness of the banks' strengths."     According to the bank governor, irrespective of China's sound financial sector, the Chinese economy, especially the export sector, has felt the impact brought by the slowdown of the global economy.     He praises the Chinese government for its plans to stimulate domestic demand and promote stable and relatively rapid economic growth, including the extra investment of 4 trillion yuan (685 billion U.S. dollars) in over two years, the ten measures to revitalize the industrial sectors, and other bolster measures to increase money supply, promote employment, reform taxes and medical and healthcare system.     "Having taken the above-mentioned measures, China expect to maintain stable economic growth by boosting domestic demand and reducing dependence on external demand, thus serving as a stabilizing force in global economy," Zhou says.     In overall, the macroeconomic measures have produced preliminary result and some leading indicators are pointing to recovery of economic growth, indicating that rapid decline in growth has been curbed, he concludes.

WASHINGTON, March 12 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on Thursday proposed some major guidelines for China and the United States to promote sound and steady growth of bilateral relations in the new era. Speaking at a luncheon meeting at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Yang expressed satisfaction that the two countries have worked together and ensured a smooth transition of bilateral relations in the past 50 days since the new U.S. administration took office.     The two sides have established good working relations at the top level and between various government departments and maintained close consultation and coordination in bilateral and multilateral areas, he said. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi delivers a speech at the center for strategic & international studies (CSIS) in Washington, the United States of America on March 12, 2009.    "A good beginning is half the success," Yang said, noting that this good start has laid the groundwork for the further growth of China-U.S. relations.     "We should now set our sight on the longer term and draw up a good blueprint for China-U.S. relations in the coming years. We should make concerted efforts and promote sound and steady growth of our relations," he said.     To do this, the minister proposed some guidelines which he believed could help advance China-U.S. relations in the coming years.     First, he said, both sides should adopt a strategic and long-term perspective and keep the relations on the right track.     China and the United States now have more common interests and a broader foundation of cooperation on a series of major and pressing issues facing today's world, according to the minister. The strategic significance and global influence of China-U.S. relations have further increased and their relations in the new era should be broader and deeper.     The minister believed that the two countries should work together in an all-around way to raise bilateral relations to a new and much higher level of cooperation in the 21st century on the basis of mutual respect, seeking common ground while shelving differences and cooperation for win-win results.     Second, Minister Yang said, both sides should maintain close dialogue and exchanges at the top and other levels and cement the political foundation of the relations.     Over the years, he said, close communication and frequent exchanges between the two countries "have given a strong boost to the sustained, sound and steady growth of our relations."     He hoped that both sides will work together and launch proposed "China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogues" mechanism at an early date so that through continued discussions on strategic, overarching and long-term issues of mutual interest, they will further enhance mutual trust and cooperation.     Third, according to the minister, both sides should expand mutually-beneficial cooperation and inject fresh impetus into the relations. U.S. President Barack Obama (R) meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi at the White House, Washington, the United States, on March 12, 2009The priority for China and the United States at the moment, Yang said, is to tackle the international financial crisis through intensified cooperation and work together to maintain and promote world financial and economic stability.     He said China and the United States share important common interests with respect to climate change, energy and the environment and have broader prospects to cooperate in such fields as counter-terrorism, nonproliferation, military-to-military relations, science and technology, culture and health.     The fourth guideline, he believed, is that both sides should respect and accommodate each other's core interests and make every effort to minimize potential disruption and damage to the relations.     The minister urged the U.S. side to handle Taiwan-related issues prudently and properly and respect the Chinese people's position of upholding state sovereignty and territorial integrity on equal sensitive issues related to Tibet.     For the fifth, Minister Yang said that both sides should promote dialogue and exchanges between people of the two countries and build stronger public support for the relations.     "We will not forget that the ice in China-U.S. relations began to thaw with the mutual visits of our pingpong teams," he said.     "The tremendous progress made in our relations over the last 30years would not have been possible without the active involvement and support of people from all walks of life in both countries," he added.     "It is of particular importance to look ahead to the future and vigorously promote and support exchanges and cooperation between the young people, so that the cause of China-U.S. friendship will endure and prosper further, the minister stressed. Yang is here on a five-day working visit as a guest of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

BEIJING, March 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese leaders joined in panel discussions with the country's political advisors Wednesday, calling for concerted efforts to pull through the global financial crisis which is unfolding its impact on the country's economy. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R), shakes hands with a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. Hu Jintao and Jia Qinglin (1st R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), visited the CPPCC members from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League on WednesdayAll parties, all organizations, all social strata and all ethnic groups should unite under the central authorities' decisions and strategy to overcome difficulties, President Hu Jintao said in a discussion with members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).     He called on all Chinese people to stand together and "bravely move forward" though difficulties are in sight.     "This year is pivotal for the country to combat the financial crisis and maintain a steady and relatively rapid economic growth," Hu told political advisors from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League, two non-communist parties.     "To ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability is of great importance to maintain a stable overall situation of reform and opening-up," Hu said. Wu Bangguo (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the CPC during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009Top legislator Wu Bangguo called on members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to play an exemplary role and contribute wisdom and strength to the national development during his discussion with a group of advisors from the CPC.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, pinpointed the importance of investigation and research on issues concerning people's livelihood in a bid to "fully reflect the real social situations and the public opinions."     He asked the CPPCC members to make efforts to promote the building of a harmonious society. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (front L), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the circles of economy and agriculture during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009In the discussion with advisors from the circles of economy and agriculture, Premier Wen Jiabao said the country need to make large-scale government investment and bring in more social and private funds as well.     While the crisis demands stronger government macro-control, the role of the market mechanism should also be given a full play, he said.     Wen called for resolute and prompt government decisions in the face of the economic woes but stressed that officials must work according to the law and procedures.     "We must make sure every major government investment plan is appraised in a scientific way and will be known, understood and supervised by the people," he said.     "The more difficulties we have, the more opinions we should solicit from various groups," he said. Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC from the religious circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009CPPCC National Committee Chairman Jia Qinglin encouraged political advisors from the religious circle to guide believers to "promote economic development and social stability."     He asked them to work for harmonious religious relations and the reunification of the motherland.     The other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, also joined panel discussions with political advisors. Li Changchun (L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the social sciences, media and publication circles during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March Li Changchun told political advisors from the social sciences, media and publication circles to nurture an environment that can help ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability by conducting investigations and better answering questions of public concern. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front L), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from south China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.During a panel discussion with advisors from Hong Kong and Macao, Vice President Xi Jinping assured that with the support from the central government and through efforts made by the regional governments, the two special administrative regions will surely tide over the crisis and achieve long-term prosperity. Li Keqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the education circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Vice Premier Li Keqiang stressed the priority of education in his discussion with advisors from the education circle, saying education is the "strategic foundation" of the country's modernization.     A better education system will benefit the people's well-being and all-round development and provide talent support for the country's economic and social drives, he said. He Guoqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the China Democratic National Construction Association and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. He Guoqiang, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, called on non-public sectors of the economy to adapt to the market transformation, shift development mode and shoulder social responsibility by making more contributions.     He also urged to intensify the battle against corruption and improve officials' work style. Zhou Yongkang (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with specially invited members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Zhou Yongkang called for preventing and resolving social conflicts and listening to public opinions so as to safeguard public rights and interests.     The CPPCC National Committee started its annual full session Tuesday. The meeting is scheduled to end on March 12.

BEIJING, April 9 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Finance has imposed a pay cap for top executives at state-owned financial institutions as the financial crisis eroded earnings of such companies in 2008, the ministry said Thursday in a circular on its website.     The new rule, which came out amid rising public grumbles about huge pay packages for top executives at state-owned financial companies, outlined the basic line that pay for executives in 2008should be no more than 90 percent of the level in 2007.     As of 9 p.m., two hours and half after the news was posted on the web Sina.com.cn, 584 netizens made comments. Nearly all of them were supportive of the move. The undated photo shows the gate of headquaters of the Ministry of Finance in Beijing. Total executive pay for 2008 at financial institutions - which many are still computing - must not surpass 90 percent of the 2007 levels, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) announced yesterday    Under the plan, pay refers to pre-tax income, including salary, bonus, and social insurance.     The rule would enhance equal income distribution and push forward reform in pay mechanism, according to the ministry.     The circular said it was in line with the current domestic and international situation for executives at some state-owned financial institutions to voluntarily cut their pay despite their companies posted rising profits.     Companies which had a declining income last year should slash another 10 percent based on the basic line. Reductions should be deeper if companies suffered steep drop in profits, according to the circular.     The ministry demanded to narrow pay gap among executives at companies in the financial sector, calling for bigger cuts for those who received much higher pay than the average in 2007. Caps were also urged to be imposed on pay for staff at financial companies to make a clear difference in posts and performance.     It is the second time that MOF had set such pay limits. In an earlier circular in February this year, MOF ordered that the 2008 salary for top executives of state-owned financial institutions should be limited within 2.8 million yuan (about 410,000 U.S. dollars).     The new move aimed at avoiding salary competition between some financial institutions when deciding the salaries for their executives in 2008, said Guo Tianyong, a professor at the China Central Finance University.     It is necessary to put a cap on executive salaries to prevent unfair distribution of income and a larger gap between the rich and poor, he said.     In March, the government ordered a crackdown on government "hospitality" budgets, including a 15-per-cent cut in car-buying and fuel funds as well as an across-the-board halt to the building of any new office compounds before the end of 2010.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said the government should take the leading role in promoting frugality and should ensure government spending goes where it is most needed amid the economic crisis.

PATTAYA, Thailand, April 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, in an interview with Hong Kong and Macao reporters here Saturday, said that the Chinese economy showed signs of better than expected positive changes in the first quarter as a result of the economic stimulus package adopted by China.     Firstly, the domestic demand rose on a sustainable basis. Meanwhile, investment in fixed assets increased rapidly and consumer demand grew steadily and relatively rapidly. Although lower from the same period of last year, imports and exports grew on a month-on-month basis in the three-month period, Wen said.     This indicates that some sectors and enterprises in China are in a process of gradual recovery.     Secondly, industries above the designated size registered month-on-month growth, with a year-on-year increase of 3.8 percent in both January and February, and a year-on-year increase of 8.3 percent in March.     Thirdly, the purchase management index and the entrepreneur confidence index of the manufacturing industry both rose, indicating that the Chinese economy has begun to stabilize and recover in some fields, according to Wen.     And fourthly, the market confidence went up and the economy became more active over the first three months, with increases in both the stock market and housing market transaction volumes.     The positive performances in economic fields suggest that the policies adopted by the central government of China have been timely and correct, and have led to successes, the premier noted.     The premier was here to attend the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) related summits. The Chinese premier went back home late Saturday ahead of schedule, after the Thai government postponed the summits because of domestic political unrest.     The premier said we should see that China's economy is still facing very serious hardships, which can be attributed to the shrink of external demand and a relatively sharp fall in exports. This has negatively impacted export enterprises, export-oriented industries and export-oriented zones, and has resulted in decreases in business profit making, declines in financial revenues and heavier pressure on employment, he said.     As the international financial crisis is deepening and spreading, we should never lose vigilance, Wen warned.     As the crisis has not touched its bottom, we can hardly say that the Chinese economy alone has got out of the crisis. China cannot save the world, nor can it survive without the world, Wen said. What we should do is to exert our utmost efforts to minimize the effect of the crisis, he said.     When answering questions whether China will introduce additional economic stimulus plans, Wen said the government should now step up efforts to carry out the policies and measures of the existing stimulus package. The earlier they are put into effect, the more beneficial and active they will be, he said.     Firstly, it is imperative to release the additional investment for stimulating the economy that has been included into the budget.     Secondly, specific rules for reforming and reviving a total of ten key industries should be formulated as early as possible.     And thirdly, efforts should be made to speed up the development of the social security system, Wen said, adding that the national medical and health-care system reform launched in recent days, which has drawn international attention, should be implemented as early as possible.     At the same time, it is essential to closely follow up the changing economic situation at home and abroad, and hammer out new response plans whenever necessary, said Wen.     Priority should be given to strengthening social security, improving the people's livelihood and strengthening protection of the ecological environment, he said.     In response to questions about the trial of cross-border trade deals in the Chinese yuan, Wen said the central government has decided to test the program in the city of Shanghai, as well as four cities in south China's Guangdong province -- Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Zhuhai.     Hong Kong and Macao will be included in the pilot program, and ASEAN members will become the first group of foreign countries to benefit from the scheme, Wen said, adding the regulatory documents governing the pilot program will be issued in a short time, Wen said.     The program will promote Hong Kong's trade development, and will help its enterprises, including those in the Pearl River Delta region and other areas in the Chinese mainland, to stave off the risks from exchange rate fluctuations, he said.     This will invigorate Hong Kong's financial industry and underpin its position as an international financial hub, he added.     Wen said that compared with developed countries, China, as a developing country, has undergone only a short period of time in its financial reform and development, lacking both experience and talented people, and there is also room for improvement in its financial system.     At present, China allows the yuan to become convertible under the current account and it will take a long time to realize full capital account convertibility for the Chinese yuan, he said.     Answering a reporter's question on whether building Shanghai into an international financial hub will rival Hong Kong's financial status, Wen said the Chinese central government has always paid close attention to the development of Hong Kong's financial sector.     "I noticed that most of the media in Hong Kong showed support for the decision to build Shanghai into an international financial center, but lingering worries still remain," he said.     Actually, the status of an international financial center is established not by a government decision but through market competition, he said.     "I have said years ago that Hong Kong's status as an international financial center is irreplaceable due to its unique geographical advantage, a long history of financial management, extensive channels of financial operation, a full-fledged legal system and a rich pool of financial expertise," Wen said.     However, Hong Kong's status as an international financial hub also meets challenges, he said.     He added that what is imperative for the time being is to enhance regulation, maintain the stable, healthy and sustainable development of its financial sector, and to make due support for its economy.     While developing the financial sector, Hong Kong should also spare no effort to tap the potential of its economic growth such as logistics, tourism, the health sector, science and technology, education, and high-tech industries, so as to lay a foundation forthe sustained economic development, he said.     Responding to a question about the recent police investigation into Hong Kong-listed conglomerate CITIC Pacific, Wen said the issue should be addressed in accordance with the laws and financial supervision regulations of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and no interference from the mainland or other parties will be allowed.     Earlier this month, Hong Kong police searched the headquarters of the company, which reported huge losses from unauthorized hedging against changes in the exchange rates of Australian dollar last year.     After all the facts are clarified, serious lessons should be drawn from this incident, including the company's management and its supervision, Wen said.     On Macao's economic growth, Premier Wen said it has a unique economy powered mainly by its gambling industry.     As the region continues to develop its gambling industry, efforts should be made to promote the region's economic diversity based on its own reality, he said.     Macao's development is somewhat restrained due to its tiny area, but the central government is currently working on a long-term development plan of the Pearl River Delta to strengthen economic ties between Guangdong Province and Macao in an effort to promote Macao's development, said the premier.     Because of Thailand's domestic situation, the Thai government on Saturday postponed the ASEAN related summits scheduled for April 11 and April 12.     Wen said his visit to Thailand was designed to enhance the friendly cooperative relations between China and ASEAN and to make joint efforts with its members to tackle the global financial crisis.     The Chinese premier said he had been aware of the situation in Thailand before his departure for the country, and his insistence on attending the summits indicated China's sincerity in this matter.

来源：资阳报