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WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- A new study suggests that the rate of global warming from doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide may be less than the most dire estimates of some previous studies.Authors of the study, which was funded by the National Science Foundation and published online on Thursday in the journal Science, say that global warming is real and that increases in atmospheric CO2 will have multiple serious impacts. However, the most Draconian projections of temperature increases from the doubling of CO2 are unlikely."Many previous climate sensitivity studies have looked at the past only from 1850 through today, and not fully integrated paleoclimate date, especially on a global scale," said Andreas Schmittner, an Oregon State University researcher and lead author on the Science article. "When you reconstruct sea and land surface temperatures from the peak of the last Ice Age 21,000 years ago -- which is referred to as the Last Glacial Maximum -- and compare it with climate model simulations of that period, you get a much different picture.""If these paleoclimatic constraints apply to the future, as predicted by our model, the results imply less probability of extreme climatic change than previously thought," Schmittner added.Scientists have struggled for years trying to quantify "climate sensitivity" -- which is how the Earth will respond to projected increases of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The 2007 IPCC report estimated that the air near the surface of the Earth would warm on average by two to 4.5 degrees (Celsius) with a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial standards. The mean, or " expected value" increase in the IPCC estimates was 3.0 degrees; most climate model studies use the doubling of CO2 as a basic index.The researchers based their study on ice age land and ocean surface temperature obtained by examining ices cores, bore holes, seafloor sediments and other factors. When they first looked at the paleoclimatic data, the researchers only found very small differences in ocean temperatures then compared to now."Our study implies that we still have time to prevent that from happening, if we make a concerted effort to change course soon," said Schmittner.

BEIJING, Oct. 28 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government will donate one million U.S. dollars to quake-hit Turkey, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu announced Friday.Jiang said that China has paid great attention to the situation since a 7.2-magnitude earthquake hit eastern Turkey on Sunday.Jiang noted that Premier Wen Jiabao sent a message of condolence to Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan immediately after the quake.The Red Cross Society of China has also donated 50,000 U.S. dollars, and China will continue to offer emergency relief aid to Turkey, she added.According to the Turkish government, as of Friday morning, 570 people were dead and 2,250 injured after the powerful earthquake struck the province of Van in eastern Turkey on Sunday.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- An organizer of the World Stem Cell Summit says one of the key problems medical researchers face these days is how to apply their findings in the real world."How do you take the phenomenal scientific research going on in labs and translate it into medical treatments,?" said Bernie Siegel, the founder and co-chair of the summit and executive director of the Genetic Policy Institute, which organized the event."It's a big job to do this, and more than just the science," Siegel said, noting that in a growing field now moving beyond basic lab research, the aim is to connect the people who do the work with those who finance it.The three-day summit, which opened Monday in Pasadena, features more than 150 top international speakers and 50 hours of programming with leaders from science, pharmaceutics, business, policy, ethics, law and other fields.The cell therapy industry, a "nascent" field, has emerged to be a potentially multi-billion business with unlimited potential, Siegel said.Stephen Dalton, a University of Georgia professor, reported that one of the biggest developments in stem cell research in the past year was the realization that cells can be transdifferentiated from one state to another without returning to a pluripotent state.Dalton said the principle was previously supported by a few isolated examples but it was not until 2010 that the idea was widely accepted.Mark Sussman, a professor from San Diego State University, called the identification of lung stem cells from human tissue samples capable of regenerating the highly complex and specialized structures of mature lungs a breakthrough in lung biology and regenerative medicine.He said results presented by the Anversa group in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrate that human lung stem cells can be expanded in vitro and also retain the capacity to integrate into adult tissue upon introduction into mice.The study, Sussman said, has opened up an entirely new field of possibilities for lung regeneration and potential therapeutic applications for many conditions where treatment options are either very limited or nonexistent.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Kepler mission has discovered the first Earth-size planets orbiting a sun-like star outside our solar system, the U.S. space agency announce Tuesday.The planets, called Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, are too close to their star to be in the so-called habitable zone where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface, but they are the smallest exoplanets ever confirmed around a star like our sun, according to NASA.The discovery marks the next important milestone in the ultimate search for planets like Earth. The new planets are thought to be rocky. Kepler-20e is slightly smaller than Venus, measuring 0.87 times the radius of Earth. Kepler-20f is slightly larger than Earth, measuring 1.03 times its radius. Both planets reside in a five-planet system called Kepler-20, approximately 1, 000 light-years away in the constellation Lyra.Kepler-20e orbits its parent star every 6.1 days and Kepler-20f every 19.6 days. These short orbital periods mean very hot, inhospitable worlds. Kepler-20f, at 800 degrees Fahrenheit, is similar to an average day on the planet Mercury. The surface temperature of Kepler-20e, at more than 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit, would melt glass."The primary goal of the Kepler mission is to find Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone," said Francois Fressin of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, lead author of a new study published in the journal Nature. "This discovery demonstrates for the first time that Earth-size planets exist around other stars, and that we are able to detect them."The Kepler-20 system includes three other planets that are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. Kepler-20b, the closest planet, Kepler-20c, the third planet, and Kepler-20d, the fifth planet, orbit their star every 3.7, 10.9 and 77.6 days. All five planets have orbits lying roughly within Mercury's orbit in our solar system. The host star belongs to the same G-type class as our sun, although it is slightly smaller and cooler.

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