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BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, China's cabinet, released a review of its legislative work in 2009 on Sunday, which gave a brief account of the role legislation has played in helping people improve their livelihoods and develop society generally. The State Council tabled five bills for deliberation by the Standing Committee of China's top legislature and formulated 22 administrative regulations in 2009. To safeguard people's safety and promote fitness campaign, the State Council has mapped out regulations for the implementation of China's food safety law, migrant population family planning, national fitness and lottery management, it said. To promote legislation regarding environment protectional, energy-saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the State Council formulated regulations on recycling discarded home appliances and electronic devices, regulations on prevention of marine pollution from ships as well as safe transportation and monitoring of radioactive objects. The State Council also submitted laws to the NPC Standing Committee to advance the development of relevant sectors. Among them were draft laws regarding diplomatic personnel, the people's armed police force, a draft revision to the Law on Guarding State Secrets, and a draft revision of China's Organic Law of Villagers' Committees. To encourage public participation in lawmaking and improve the quality of laws, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council sought public submissions on 22 draft administrative regulations. Among those laws and regulations, the draft regulation for the implementation of the Food Safety Law has attracted more than 10,000 public submissions. The State Council has cancelled or standardized administrative charges and helped cut the expenses of enterprises amid the global economic downturn, said the review. The State Council attached great importance to strengthening and improving macro-control policies and established legislative programs to facilitate economic development, it said. To ensure the safety of transportation of natural resources, the State Council submitted a draft law on the protection of China's pipelines for oil and natural gas; it also formulated a regulation on the management of civil airport to standardize the construction and management of such projects. Through enhanced supervision on administrative power, stepped-up efforts on settling administrative disputes and standardized enforcement of administrative law, the State Council helped maintain social harmony and stability, according to the review. More than 33 percent of the cases involving administrative review were rectified, it said. In a bid to provide guidance for local government, the office has mapped out a five-year plan on the construction of a government information network, which it says will offer strong technological support and information service for government legislative work. More efforts have been made in studying theories and upgrading its international cooperation, said the review. In one case, for example, the office held a seminar on pension laws with German Federal Ministry of Justice from April 27 to 28 this year.
BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States agreed here Tuesday to further collaboration to jointly research in the health sector and in the control of diseases, especially pandemics, according to a joint statement issued after the talks between Chinese President Hu Jintao and visiting U.S. President Barack Obama. The joint research will include that on stem cells. Both sides will deepen cooperation on global public health issues, including the prevention, surveillance, reporting and control of the A/H1N1 influenza, avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, said the statement. The two sides will also enhance cooperation on food and product safety and quality, it added.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress. Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites. At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses. A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses. The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights. The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments. Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949. Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans. Later voters began to use ballots. After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas. That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively. Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts." During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times. But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies. Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year. Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy. Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law." Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal." It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society. According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature. The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups. Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity. The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time. Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives." At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths. It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.
BEIJING, Nov. 12 (Xinhua) -- China would not let the yuan gain against the U.S. dollar in the short term, experts said here Thursday when commenting on the latest quarterly report of China's central bank. People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, said Wednesday in its quarterly report of monetary policy, for the first time, that the bank would improve the mechanism of the exchange rate determination "based on international capital flows and movements in major currencies". "The new wording showed that China would reduce speculation and strengthen risk control in the future, but it did not necessarily suggest a change in the yuan's exchange rate policy," said Tan Yaling, an expert with the China Institute for Financial Derivatives at Peking University. "The future mechanism would reflect China's own concerns and status," she said. China's foreign exchange reserves surged to a record 2.27 trillion U.S. dollars as of the third quarter of 2009, up 19.26 percent year on year, PBOC reported in September. According to Yin Jianfeng, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), a government think tank, it is natural for the central bank to pay more attention to increasing international capital inflows. "Excessive liquidities are pouring into China as the country is witnessing rapid recovery while the economic condition is still weak in the western world," he said. Zuo Xiaolei, chief economist with Galaxy Securities, said the central bank's report indicated the government had raised concerns that such inflows would put China under huge external pressure for yuan appreciation. Zuo predicted that as the U.S. dollar depreciates further, excessive liquidity will be a global issue in future, which would in turn pull up China's foreign reserve to a new level. China has been facing calls to let its own currency gain against the dollar since it recovered quickly from the financial crisis, especially after it reported the positive economic data of last month, however, experts had expressed different opinions. "Sudden upward movement in the yuan would slow China's economic growth when the country's exports just showed signs of recovery, "Tan said, "All in all, the exchange rate policy should not be subjected to other countries but serve our own economy." Also, the pace of yuan's appreciation should be determined not only by the foreign trade surplus, according to Zuo Xiaolei. The balance of China's internal development should also be taken into consideration, including the massive stimulus package and the accumulated liabilities of local governments, she said. China's exports slid 13.8 percent year on year to 110.76 billion U.S. dollars in October, said the National Bureau of Statistics Wednesday. The decline rate was 1.4 percentage points lower than that of September.
BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- The output value of China's energy saving and environmental protection industry would hit 2.8 trillion yuan (412 billion U.S. dollars) by 2012, said Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission on Sunday. Those sectors have become a new economic growth point and have bright prospects in China, Xie said at the fourth China-Japan Energy-saving and Environment Protection Forum which began Sunday. He said the government will beef up investment in the construction of resource recycling projects, which will directly boost the industry development. He noted the government will further reform the pricing system of the resource products. Enterprises should also enhance innovation to break technological bottleneck notably in the development of clean coal transfer technology and pollutants treatment facilities. China has been pushing for a national energy saving campaign to address the worsening conflicts between economic growth and environmental deterioration.
来源:资阳报