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WASHINGTON, May 3 (Xinhua) -- People diagnosed with asthma in the United States grew by 4.3 million between 2001 and 2009, according to a new report released Tuesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).In 2009, nearly one in 12 Americans were diagnosed with asthma. In addition to increased diagnoses, asthma costs grew from about 53 billion U.S. dollars in 2002 to about 56 billion dollars in 2007, about a six percent increase. The explanation for the growth in asthma rates is unknown, according to the CDC.Asthma is a lifelong disease that causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, though people with asthma can control symptoms and prevent asthma attacks by avoiding things that can set off an asthma attacks, and correctly using prescribed medicine, like inhaled corticosteroids. The report highlights the benefits of essential asthma education and services that reduce the impact of these triggers, but most often these benefits are not covered by health insurers."Despite the fact that outdoor air quality has improved, we've reduced two common asthma triggers -- secondhand smoke and smoking in general -- asthma is increasing," said Paul Garbe, chief of CDC 's Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch. "While we don't know the cause of the increase, our top priority is getting people to manage their symptoms better."Asthma triggers are usually environmental and can be found at school, work, home, outdoors, and elsewhere and can include tobacco smoke, mold, outdoor air pollution, and infections linked to influenza, cold-like symptoms, and other viruses.According to the report, asthma diagnoses increased among all demographic groups between 2001 and 2009, though a higher percentage of children reported having asthma than adults (9.6 percent compared to 7.7 percent in 2009). Annual asthma costs in the United States were 3,300 dollars per person with asthma from 2002 to 2007 in medical expenses. About two in five uninsured and one in nine insured people with asthma could not afford their prescription medication."Asthma is a serious, lifelong disease that unfortunately kills thousands of people each year and adds billions to our nation's health care costs," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden. "We have to do a better job educating people about managing their symptoms and how to correctly use medicines to control asthma so they can live longer more productive lives while saving health care costs."

LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."

CHENGDU, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Over the crowds of holiday shoppers in China's big stores this Spring Festival lingers an atmosphere of suspicion.With charges of price deception hanging over the big chains of Carrefour and Wal-Mart and local authorities moving to levy fines, many Chinese -- normally averse to be pinching pennies during the Lunar New Year -- are checking their receipts at the tills.The New Year, which falls on Feb. 3 this year, is normally a time of largesse and excess -- all the more reason why many shoppers feel so betrayed.Customers can be seen recording label prices in notebooks or calculating their final bill on their mobile phones as they walk the aisles.At outlets of Carrefour and Wal-Mart in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, the check out queues have grown as customers doublecheck prices at the tills."I would never have imagined global firms would do this intentionally and I have to be cautious," said a woman surnamed Wang, after shopping at a foreign-owned supermarket in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan Province.With three bulging shopping bags, Wang stood next to the check out to calculate the final bill: "We buy a lot for the New Year celebrations, so I have to be more careful."The official weeklong Spring Festival holiday, which starts Wednesday, is China's closest equivalent to the West's Christmas shopping season, with generous gifts of food, tobacco, liquor and other presents for family and friends.According to the Ministry of Commerce, China's retail sales hit 340 billion yuan (49.8 billion U.S. dollars) during the Spring Festival holiday week last year."The deceptive pricing practices of the two foreign-funded supermarket giants were a total scandal," said Wang. "I have to be careful with the prices and the labels.""Cheating by the supermarkets is the same as stealing. I might have suffered losses as I don't normally check receipts," said a Chengdu man surnamed Li.Wal-Mart (China) Investment Co., Ltd. offered a "sincere apology" to affected customers on Thursday. The company has been cooperating with investigations into the cheating. It has also launched inspections of stores nationwide.Chen Bo, spokesperson for Carrefour China, said Sunday that Carrefour sincerely apologized to Chinese customers for inconvenience and losses caused by pricing irregularities.Carrefour would refund customers five times the difference between the price charged and that on the label. The refund policy would be implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China.The issue is continuing to smoulder on the Internet, with websites asking people to write in with "your experiences of price cheating by the Carrefour."A survey by Sohu, one of China's major web portals, had resulted late Sunday in 8,451 of 9,507 respondents saying they "would not go to Carrefour as it is blacklisted for price cheating.""Carrefour will further strengthen price label management and improve service quality to gain the support and confidence of Chinese customers," said Chen Bo.Carrefour had drawn up short and long-term measures to solve the price label issue, including price inspections, improving and upgrading the price label system, and comprehensive staff training."We will have our special control group conduct frequent and wide-ranging internal price inspections," Chen said.The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner and price regulator, said Wednesday that some Carrefour and Wal-Mart stores in China were involved in deceptive pricing practices.The NDRC ordered local pricing authorities to urge stores to correct their wrongdoing, and pay fines five times the illegal income. It also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival.

JERUSALEM, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Traditional farming may have found an ally on the Internet, via an Israeli "cloud-based" software system that enables farmers to get professional information and tips from colleagues worldwide.And IBM is interested in what they have to say.Agriculture Knowledge On-Line (AKOL) says its Internet-based system can aid global agriculture by utilizing the collective knowledge of kibbutzim (communal farms in Israel) and other agricultural experts, to offer small farmers personalized solutions to improve dairy output and crop production, and better prevent droughts.Owned by Kibbutz Bror Hayil in southern Israel, the software house has recently signed a cooperation and development agreement with IBM to manage access and technology issues."What we do here is like a bank of information and IBM provides the special tools for the end users," AKOL's CEO Roni Shani told Xinhua, "and you can do what we call 'agricultural market.'""For example, if someone in Australia needs advice on how to grow their crops better, they can just ask our advice or search through our database to find the best product for the country they 're growing the crops in," Shani said."Let's say someone in India, a small farmer, has a problem with their crop or chickens," Shani explained, noting that "it's usually very expensive and time consuming to get someone to come and check what is wrong."But, for a monthly fee, a basic subscription service enables the end user to access the software database, which allows "the farmer to just look at the pictures and pick the one that will explain what the disease or problem is and offer a solution, and if it is available in their country."AKOL claims about 1,000 customers over the globe."We just started developing it for use outside of the kibbutz with IBM's help," Shani said, "and we are developing it also in other parts of the world, like China. Right now we're cooperating with the Chinese government to help milk producers get the most out of their milking systems."Israel is one of the leading countries in milk production, with each cow yielding around 12,000 liters of milk a year on average. Two Chinese provinces plan to use AKOL's milking control system, in order to better manage their herds and equipment and increase milk production."And this is just the beginning," Shani explained, "because we are also working with other developing countries. This software will help millions of small farmers in rural or impoverished areas, that will be able to get advice and benefit from other farmers' experience on the spot and at a very affordable rate."

CANBERRA, May 27 (Xinhua) -- An Australian student has discovered a part of the universe that astrophysicists have spent decades trying to find, Australia's Monash University on Friday confirmed in a statement.Astrophysicists have long thought the universe has a greater mass than is visible in the planets, but they had no way of proving it is there.Undergraduate student Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, 22, was on a summer internship at Monash University to learn more about astrophysics, when she managed to solve one of the big mysteries of science.Fraser-McKelvie, an aerospace engineering student, conducted a targeted X-ray search for the matter and found evidence of it within three months.Her tutor, Kevin Pimbblet, said the discovery is significant."We've been looking for this ordinary matter for a couple of decades," he said in a statement on Friday."It's been published in one of the most prestigious journals in the world, so astronomers all over the world will be able to read this article."Scientists had thought the matter would have a temperature of about 1 million degrees Celsius, 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit, and should therefore be observable at X-ray wavelengths.Amelia Fraser-McKelvie's discovery has proved that prediction is correct, Pimbblet said.The trio published a research paper on the missing mass in one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific journals, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.He said the discovery could change the way telescopes are built.